Social Work Narrative

Personal Narrative Statement 1)How do you account for your interest in social work? In your response, discuss paid or volunteer experiences that support your choice of social work as a profession? My interest in social work developed during college. I always had a interest in helping others in one way or another. I joined a sorority in college, Delta Sigma Theta, which is based off of community service. During the week I would volunteer to tutor children that were struggling in certain areas of school. I would talk to these children and explain to them the importance of education and try to influence them as much as possible to try their hardest in everything that they do. I would also go to nursing homes, with other member of our organization, and play bingo with their residents. We thought it was important to spend time with the elderly and/or sick as well. Just knowing how much it meant to those residents for us to come and spend time with them was a phenomenal feeling. After college I worked for the Indianapolis Juvenile Correctional Facility (Girl School) as a Youth Service Officer (YSO). I gained a lot of hands on experience at the Girl School and I was able to work in more depth with the youth. I worked with at least 35-40 troubled teenagers each day. I was their guidance counselor, teacher, disciplinary, and sometimes I felt like their parent. I enjoyed being able to talk with each individual and I learned how to communicate with each of them effectively. Through all these individual experiences I developed a strong desire to become a social worker so that I can help improve people’s lives by helping them cope and solve issues in their everyday lives. )Social work is committed to social justice. What is social justice? What experiences have shaped your interest in advancing social justice? In the future, how will you help advance social justice? Social justice is concerned with equality or equal justice, not just in the courts, but in all aspects of society. This concept demands that people have equal rights and opportunities and this includes everyone, from the poorest to the wealthiest. Social justice refers to a concept of a society that gives individuals and groups fair treatment and fair distribution of advantages, ssets, and benefits among all members of a society. On a positive note, one experience in particular that have shaped my interest in advancing social justice is the inauguration of the first African American President, President Barack Obama. This has had such a positive influence on the minority communities because it has allowed us to see how much things have changed. It has given individuals hope that may have never thought that there would be a Black President or a president outside of the ethnic background of Caucasian. In the future, I hope to be a part of a movement that advances social justice even more. I would like to be a part of something that helps our children in need, employs our workers in need, helps our disabled and heels are criminal justice system. I currently work for a job where I experience inequalities because of my job title or skin color. There are times where I feel that I am not valued as some of my other co-workers due to the difference of our job classification. There are situations that have occurred that I feel like I was misunderstood because of my skin color and some of the negative stereotypes that comes along with it. As a social worker, I would like to establish job confidence, meaning that I would like to implement a system within all jobs that allows all employees no matter of your race, class or gender that allows you maintain the confidence needed to perform your job duties without the ridicule or stereotypes from those of higher positions. 3)What is your perception or understanding of social work as a profession? Elaborate on how you understand social workers intervene with individuals, families, groups, organizations, communities, and political entities? Professional social workers are found in every facet of community life including schools, hospitals, mental health facilities, prisons, military and all other public and private agencies that serve individuals and families in need. Social workers assist individuals, groups or communities restore or enhance social functioning through creating living conditions favorable to their goal or need. Social workers are trained professionals that help people overcome some of life’s most difficult challenges such as poverty, discrimination, abuse, addiction, physical illness, educational issues, mental illness, disability, unemployment, etc. They accomplish this through counseling individuals, families and communities; teaching them how to cope with the stresses of everyday life. From a political standpoint, social workers spend time and money on campaigns that elect public officials that are committed to social work values. Sound public policies enable social workers to meet human needs, be fairly compensated and promote social justice. Overall I perceive social work as a â€Å"take action† profession. Often times, we as human beings complain and talk about what needs to be done but do not do anything beyond that. Social workers are hands on. They are not just talking about what â€Å"should† be done but they are doing something to better our communities. Social workers are about making a difference in society by helping others out that are in need for various reasons. If you are very sick and in need of assistance to perform normal, everyday functions, social workers can assist you in finding a home, affordable to you and your family so that you can have that need met. Social workers assist children that may have been a victim of abuse or witness of domestic violence by removing them from that destructive atmosphere into a much safer environment while providing counseling to aid in the healing process. They provide food, shelter and clothing for those that are down in their luck because of unemployment, disabilities or all other poverty related issues. There are a wide variety of activities that can be considered social work and professional social workers are employed in many different environments but they all possess one common goal and that is â€Å"helping people†. 4)The concept of cultural pluralism emphasizes respect for diversity of values, heritages, customs, and lifestyles. We are interested in your experiences with people from diverse populations. For each of the following diverse groups, describe how you have worked with each. If you have gaps in your exposure to diversity, what is your plan to broaden your effectiveness to work respectfully and effectively with each of these populations? a)Ethnicity (race, culture) – I have worked with many different ethnicities and cultures in several way. I have worked with different ethnic groups at work, school and everyday life. As a minority, I was raised to treat everyone how I would like to be treated so outside of their physical appearance I look at everyone as my equal. I have different ethnic backgrounds in family which does not seem to be uncommon at all in these days and times. I believe that different backgrounds and cultures is what make our world so beautiful and diverse. b)Spiritual tradition different from your own – Although I don’t understand all of the different spiritual traditions and backgrounds, I definitely have worked with different ones at one time or another. I have dated an individual with a different spiritual background than myself and I learned that although we may have worshiped in different ways; we worshiped for the same purpose. I know that this may not be true of all spiritual backgrounds but I feel that it is important to respect each person spiritual preference even if I don’t agree with their values. I currently work for a hospital and in our registration process we ask each patient if they have a certain spiritual preference that they would like us to note on their chart. We ask this question not to be judgmental but to provide that option if the patient wants to seek clergy while hospitalized. c)Age – I have worked with a variety of ages throughout the year. Currently I work with a wide variety of age groups. I work in a laboratory and there are both older and younger age groups. Our younger employees respect the older employees because we have learned a lot from their experiences. I, personally, have never been discriminated against because of my age, as far as I know, and it does not seem to be a major issue from my experiences. I have also worked over a lot of juveniles in a correctional facility setting. I found this job to be quite challenging at times because these individuals required a lot of attention and redirecting. However, the experience within itself was priceless. d)Disability – Working in a hospital setting has allowed me to encounter a lot of patients with several different disabilities. Watching these patients struggle with things that the average human being might take for granted is a mind-blowing experience within itself. Seeing and hearing these individuals talk about their disabilities has made me become more appreciative of the little things in life like walking, driving, talking, working, being able to dress and bath myself, etc. Although working with people with disabilities can be disheartening, it is also very rewarding because it makes you feel really good to be able to assist another person in need. e)Socio-Economic – I have worked with people with different socio-economic backgrounds or statuses because I have experienced different socio-economic statuses. Both of my parents came from family households containing at least 6 or more children and as a result neither one of my parents had much, economically, as a child. My parents got married and started a family at a young age so as a esult I was raised on a lower socio-economic status then some of my peers. Living in a time where new technologies are developed constantly and wealth and greed are at an all time high, I am constantly striving to achieve more. However, I know to achieve more wealth or higher socio-economic status one must lay a strong educational background foundation which is why I would like to further my education by achieving a M asters Degree. f)Sexual orientation – Sexual orientation is usually divided into 3 groups: Heterosexual, Homosexual, and Bisexual. We live in a time where all three groups are becoming more predominant, especially homosexual and bisexual groups. Regardless of my sexual preference I feel that it is important to respect individual’s decision and not to judge them by it. As a phlebotomist I have to draw all patients regardless of their sexual orientation. I do not treat homosexual’s any different than I treat heterosexual’s when taking precautions against exposures. Actually I was trained to treat all patients as if they had a communicable disease to lessen my risk of exposing myself to contaminants. I have also worked around individuals that outwardly discuss their sexual preferences and I don’t think that they should not discuss it if it is not considered the â€Å"norm†, however I feel that all sexual orientations should be able to express themselves as long as it’s considered appropriate conversation considering the environment. 5)When social workers are in a situation where they must choose between two relevant, but competing choices, and where each choice may have an undesirable consequence for the parties involved, this is called an ethical dilemma. Describe an ethical dilemma you have experienced. Discuss your decision-making process and factors which contributed to the ultimate outcome. Please protect confidentiality, and DO NOT reveal names of individuals or organizations. I worked for my previous job for more than 7 years as a phlebotomist and I gained a lot of training and insight through this experience. With the economy becoming so bad my employer was having to cut back so they had hiring and wage freezes. I was working without insurance because the hiring freeze would not allow me to change my status from PRN to full time so that I could receive benefits. Suddenly, the hospital that I was working for through my employer decided not to renew their contract with my company which had my department in fear of unemployment. The hospital decided to open up their own laboratory and hire their own staff. This had a great impact on my employer because it was a great financial loss for our company which meant more possible cut backs. I was forced to make a difficult decision because I had a lot of experience with the company I was employed for but I needed benefits and the hospital was offering full time status plus benefits. Due to the short notice my current employer was insuring us that if we left them to work for the hospital that we will not be allowed to return there for employment. Do I stay or do I go was the question I would ask myself over and over. What if things didn’t go well with this new laboratory? How long will the hiring and wage freeze last? After a few months of deliberating I finally chose to work for the hospital. I thought this would be a great opportunity for me and I would be able to receive the benefits that I desperately needed for myself and my child. As of now, I have not regretted this decision. Our laboratory is a success and I am currently receiving the health benefits that I was seeking. I make a lot more money than I did with my previous employer and I also receive bonuses, vacation time and holiday pay. This ethical dilemma turned out in my favor after all and I have no desire to return to my previous employer. 6)Social work is a profession that has considerable emotional demands on the practitioner. How do you handle stress and what coping skills do you anticipate using as a competent practitioner? I handle stress the best by remaining calm and focused so that I can think clearly and make good decisions. I like to reflect on what I think is causing the stress and figure out the best way possible to minimize that stressor. As a competent practitioner in the social work profession I plan to have stressful situations therefore I’m not surprised or caught off guard when they occur. I will remain calm and level-headed as much as possible so that I can provide what is necessary. Through my experience I have noticed that people react better to individuals that are calm, confident and in control. People feel a lot safer when they are in the hands of a profession that is in control of the situation and that knows how to remain strong but sensitive to whatever the circumstances may be. 7)Graduate school provides learning opportunities that require an investment of time and energy. Plan to spend an average of 36 hours per week on homework for a full-time load of four courses. In addition, three semesters of field practica require approximately 20-24 hours per week. Discuss why you are prepared to attend graduate school at this time in your life/career. Please describe plans that you are making to adjust your personal and professional life in order to successfully participate in: a)The coursework, class preparation and assignments. Academic pursuits require approximately 9 hours a week per class. b)Two separate field practica of approximately 20-24 hours per week for 3 semesters. These practica must be completed at practicum agencies during daytime hours; rarely do practicum sites offer night/evening/weekend hours. It has been 6 years since I graduated from college after completing my bachelors and I have now decided that I am ready to go back to college to receive a masters degree. Since relocating back to my hometown I have had trouble finding a job in my major, Criminal Justice, and would like to expand my knowledge by returning for a Masters Degree in Social Work (MSW). As a single mother of two children I plan on making a lot of adjustments in order to make this work out for me. I am currently working full-time, 40 hours or more a week, on dayshift so I don’t have to adjust my hours for this program but more or less the amount of hours so that I can focus and have time to complete my assignments. )My children are enrolled in school and daycare so I plan to do a lot of the homework during their school/daycare hours to prevent distractions. I also anticipate a lot of late hours of studying beginning after I lay my children down to sleep at night. My biggest goal is to prevent and form of procrastination from hibernating within myself. I want to stay on top things so that I am not cramming and falling behind in my classes. Organization is also an import ant goal during this endeavor. Remaining organized will prevent me from missing assignments, due dates and all other important factors that may apply. b)The most difficult challenge I am facing during this program will be the field practica of approximately 20-24 hours per week for 3 semesters. I am concerned that financial constraints may develop during this period of unpaid work. Therefore to prepare for this challenge I am currently saving as much money as possible while working full-time now. I want to be able to be focused on my practica and not financially stressed while trying to concentrate on my studies. I also plan on applying for financial aid so that I can receive assistance to help pay for my living expenses or room and board. I was in a similar situation when I did my internship for my bachelors program except for that required 40 hours a week of unpaid time. I successfully completed that task through the methods mentioned previously so I’m confident that everything will work out with this program. When I was a child my parents would always use this quote: â€Å"Where there is a will there is a way† and since I am very much willing I know that my faith will guide me the entire way.

Amy Tan, Two Kinds Essay

This story’s main events take place in Chinatown throughout the 1950s and perhaps early 1960s. The main character of the story, who is also the protagonist, is the author herself: Amy Tan. The antagonist happens to be her own mother, who is always pushing Amy to discover some hidden talent and be someone she is not. There are a few other minor characters in the story. There is Lindo Jong (who she calls Auntie Lindo), who is a close friend of Amy’s mother. Waverly Jong is Auntie Lindo’s daughter, who is close to Amy’s age. Amy’s piano instructor, who she calls â€Å"Old Chong†, plays a small role in the story. Amy’s dad is included in the text, but does not play much of a role. In â€Å"Two Kinds†, the exposition is clear in the first couple of pages. The story begins by explaining that Amy’s family moved to America when she was a baby, in 1949. Her mother is clear in her goals: she wants Amy to be a child prodigy (a person with exceptional talent) and famous. Although in the beginning Amy seems accepting of her mother’s goal, there are some undertones which are clear to the reader that her mother may go too far. Symbolism in literature â€Å"might include visual or sound elements as well as language†. Amy’s piano was the main symbol of this story. In the end of the story, the fact that she had it tuned and actually sat down to play shows us that she really cared about her mother-and the piano-after all. The songs that she plays at the end are also a symbol of the story, itself. She mentions playing two songs. The first is titled â€Å"Pleading Child†, and the second one: â€Å"Perfectly Contented†. These are songs that she had played when she was a child. She notices for the first time, after all of these years, that these two songs are actually two halves to the same song. The song represents Amy’s life. This is how the story ends. We get a pretty good idea of what Amy’s story is about and the theme behind it. She regrets not trying her best, and the way she has taken her mother for granted in her life. A strong message like this makes us reflect on our own lives and relationships with the ones we love. Amy constructs the story in a way that makes the plot flow, and we are interested in what will happen to her next. Some of us may even feel like she is too hard on the protagonist-her mother. The ending resolves these feelings, because we discover she feels this, too.

Health Risks Associated with Obesity Research Paper

Health Risks Associated with Obesity - Research Paper Example The report mainly outlines the problems that theses diseases may cause and to a certain extent their side effects as well. Obesity is not only a cosmetic glitch but a very serious future health issue. Many researches show that an over-weight person with excessive fat has more probability to develop certain diseases such as heart problems, diabetes, certain cancer-forms and many more (Sims, 2012). Some of the major diseases will be explained in this report. Risks Involved The diseases listed in the introductory section will be explained formulating the main theme of this report on Health risks linked with obesity. Every year, in the U.S alone, over 150 billion dollars are spent on obesity-related disease which causes about 300000 deaths, only in the U.S.A (Stanford, 2012). Some of the issues caused by obesity are listed and explained below. High Blood Pressure Additional fat tissues in the body need oxygen and nutrition to survive, which in turn need the blood vessels to provide exces sive blood to the fats. This in-turn increases the amount of blood-pumping by the heart, making it work overtime. It also means that the pressure on the artery walls in more than required by a low quantity of fat tissues. This high pressure exerted on the artery walls will cause a higher blood pressure in the body. ... Obesity causes resistance to insulin, the hormone that polices the blood sugar. Blood sugar level goes up as excessive fat resists the formation of insulin. Even a low amount of unwanted fat in the body can cause the peril of diabetes (Stanford, 2012). Heart Diseases The arteries of obese people are more prone to be hardened, research says by almost 10 percent compared to those people who are not obese. Coronary artery disease also prevails as the fat deposits on the arteries en-route the heart. Smaller passage for the blood in the arteries mean that the flow of blood is decreased which can cause angina or an in simple terms a â€Å"heart attack†. The fat deposit can also cause blood clotting which can also result in a heart attack (Stanford, 2012). Joint Problems Excessive fat can also affect the knees and hips as extra fat makes up extra weight causing more stress on the bones where joints exist. Any kind of a surgery on the bone joints is not advisable for a fat person as a rtificial or treated joints may not be sufficient enough to hold extra weight, causing further damage to the most used bones in the body. It also causes day to day pains in various joints like the knees and ankles which eventually become life threatening injuries or ones which can cause excessive pain (Stanford, 2012).. Sleep apnea and Respiratory Issues Sleep apnea causes lack of breath for short period of times is also a side effect of obesity. As stated before obesity causes many diseases indirectly on a later stage of life. This stoppage of breath causes lack of sleep as it may interfere in the sleep at night and stop from sleeping in the daytime. This can also be one of the prime reasons of snoring while sleeping. Due to excessive weight around the chest area, the lungs are

Discovery, Appearance and Meaning of Cave paintings in France and Essay

Discovery, Appearance and Meaning of Cave paintings in France and Spain - Essay Example The essay "Discovery, Appearance and Meaning of Cave paintings in France and Spain" explores Cave paintings in France and Spain. Nearly two hundred cave paintings have been discovered so far in France and Spain, and they still continue, as the recent discovery of cave paintings in the Vilhonneur forests, in the Charente region of western France suggest. However, the cave paintings in the Lascaux Cave of Montignac, in the Dordogne region of southwest France, and Altamira, in northwest Spain, still remain the more significant examples of pre-historic cave paintings. The initial discovery of the caves, and the paintings at Altamira were made in the later half of the nineteenth century by accident. In 1868 a hunter’s dog chasing a fox fell among some boulders, and the hunter, in attempting to rescue the dog discovered the entrance to the famous cave. The cave paintings took more than a decade later to be discovered, again by accident. The owner of the estate in which the cave was located was an amateur archeologist. His young daughter accompanied him on one of his trips into the cave, to look for tools, in 1879. She looked up at the ceiling, and became the first person in modern times to espy the herd of red animals painted across the ceiling. Initially these paintings were not accepted as pre-historic paintings, and believed to be forgeries a mere twenty years old. In the beginning of the twentieth century efforts of the French priest Henri Breuil made the world aware of this finest example.

Decisions In Paradise Part 1 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Decisions In Paradise Part 1 - Research Paper Example Our organization would be establish a greater presence in Kava and contribute towards its socio-economic development through creating employment opportunities and become proactive participant in community development. There is a huge problem of unemployment as the government seems to lack necessary financial resources to establish industries and infrastructure. Despite having the support of state and military, terrorism is active from within and outside the region which is creating unstable environment for global businesses and adversely impacting the local economy. It is often seen that fast urbanization and the technological advancements have been responsible for global climate change which may have contributed to the increased frequency of natural calamities, throughout the world. Kava too is prone to natural disasters and at the same time external factors like terrorism and internal strife, has produced many securities among the local population. Hence, one needs to apply the technique of decision making that would help to decide on the projects that are best suited to benefit both Kava people and our organization. The strategy would need to take the following salient points into consideration: ‘Decision matrices are most effective where you have a number of good alternatives and many factors to take into account’ (grid analysis, internet). Decision Matrix Analysis would facilitate us to reach to the right decision because it incorporates a huge range of factors for the various projects that can be started here. The organization would be using the local raw material and would be providing employment to the local population which has diverse socio-cultural ideology. The multicultural workforce with conflicting ideologies may pose serious problems for the management and may have adverse impact on the business outcome. The natural disasters and terrorism from within and outside the country is another

Nursing in a Day Surgery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Nursing in a Day Surgery - Essay Example In order to do this the discussion will first of define pain, because it not objective as many nurses and health practioners may believe. In fact it is a very subjective term. The discussion will end by considering the problems in the UK when dealing with patient's whose wishes are hard to discern and whether we should be administering pain relief methods without proper consent. It is this balance between whether nurses, as myself, should be acting on the wishes of the doctors and the establishment or the patient's wishes and concerns. This is because speed and cost efficiency should not be a determining factor in a patient's health, rather if a person who has varicose vein surgery is more suited for overnight care this should be considered. Pain was found to be the major concern for patients undergoing surgery and they wanted access to information both verbally and through written communication (Taylor. H. 2001). Patients have evinced interest in knowing the details of their recovery and realistic accounts of discomfort that they can expect. Addressing the cognitive component of pain is easily done through patient education (Carr C.J. Ellois. 2001). An audit at the Warwick Hospital found that although patient education booklets were available, the APS refrained from giving out this information. Besides, patients were not consulted in the development of the services Patients usually felt better and less ... Many used past experiences as reference for their expectations. Some studies found that patients had lower expectations of post-surgical pain. Patients also had a number of misconception related to the use of analgesia. This led to under usage of drugs and poor pain management. Understanding these factors can help nurses develop educational manuals for patients and help in better pain management (Taylor). H. 2001). The NIH has given Guidelines for the preparation of patient education and state the all communication must be, "clear, cost-effective, straightforward, modern, accessible, honest and respectful."(DoH, 2001) The Royal College and the Anaesthetic Association reported that 44% of hospitals had some form acute care services and 79% used modern analgesic techniques to manage pain (Carr C.J. Ellois. 2001.) A study of hospital services declares pain prevention to be one of the 10 most important indicators of care quality. (Susan M, 2003) While the need for management is acknowledged, the resources allocated for the function were found to be inadequate. In a significant finding, the Clinical Standards Advisory Group found that although 81% of the functions involve nursing care and 7% of these were headed by nurses there was lack of specialized nursing care in the chronic pain department. The situation was further made worse by inadequate funding. (Pain Society, 2001) Health professionals currently are found to have deficits in knowledge and skills for proper pain management. Nursing care is often found to be influenced by attitude of patients, their culture and value systems. (Redorbit.com, 2006) . The Services for Patients with Pain, in

Effective leadership and implementation of EBP Essay

Effective leadership and implementation of EBP - Essay Example concentrated on information dissects to recognize patient safety issues and to show that another practice will prompt enhanced quality and patient safety. (Titler., 2008)Much less research consideration has been paid to how to actualize rehearses. (Titler., 2008) Yet, just by putting into practice what is gained from examination will mind be made safer. Implementing evidence-based safety practices are troublesome and need techniques that address the many-sided quality of frameworks of consideration, individual professionals, senior authority, and—at last changing medicinal services societies to be evidence-based safety practice environments. (Titler., 2008) Steps of knowledge move in the AHRQ model can be described in three real stages: (1) knowledge creation and distillation, (Titler., 2008, p. Ch. 7)(2) diffusion and dissemination, (Titler., 2008, p. Ch. 7) and organizational adoption and implementation. (Titler., 2008, p. Ch. 7) These phases of knowledge exchange are seen through the viewpoint of analysts/makers of new knowledge and start with figuring out what discoveries from the patient security portfolio or individual examination ventures should be spread. (Titler., 2008, p. Ch. 7) Receive at nation, locale, and office levels the nine suggestions of the WHO Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health Care (Advanced Draft), specifically the implementation if multidisciplinary, multimodal hand cleanliness change systems inside medicinal services offices that join: Where liquor based handrubs are not accessible alternately are excessively unreasonable, consider nearby generation of handrubs utilizing the equation portrayed within the WHO Recommended Hand Antisepsis Formulation: Manual for Local Production. (WHO, 2007) Titler., M. G. (2008). Ch. 7 The Evidence for Evidence-Based Practice Implementation. In H. R. (Ed.), Patient Safety and Quality: An Evidence-Based Handbook for Nurses. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality

Identify potential risk and protective factors that may influence Essay

Identify potential risk and protective factors that may influence adolescents drug and alcohol use, and why do we need to consider these. Discuss - Essay Example These programs and services provided by the professionals meet the rigorous standards of the nations. They are considered to be the vertebral column of the public health reaction required to address this universal epidemic. The variation in treatment and the revitalization programs are considerable. However, it has been observed that these treatment programs are still not inclusive, accessible or affordable for everyone. Those individuals who genuinely need proper care and treatment must get access to it. In reality, out of five million individuals, nearly two million, who are suffering from drug and alcohol addiction, have the benefit of receiving proper and adequate treatment. Thus, about 60 percent of the drug and alcohol patients are deprived of proper treatment. One indisputable fact remains for the individuals who receive adequate treatment. This includes the assistance of families, pals and the society. They play a significant role in the overall recovery process. We should no t underestimate their timely involvement, encouragement, support to get out the addiction and help them to maintain sobriety (Facts about Drug and Alcohol Addiction, Treatment, Recovery and Use, n.d.). According to the European Union, the main reasons that provoke young Europeans to go for drug addiction are curiosity, peer pressure, thrill seeking and problems at home. The other reasons are loneliness, recreation, problems at schools or workplace, lack of willpower, expected effect of the drug and social or economic problems (Young people and drugs, 2004, p. 25). Figure 1 shows the trend in the causes behind drug abuse between 2002 and 2004. It has been estimated that nearly 3 percent of the total population of the world (that is, about 185 million people) have abused drugs during the period of June 2003 to June 2004. This report has been submitted by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). About 13 million of the world

Cisco Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Cisco - Essay Example ntation of the strategy that we believe will help Cisco goes through the economic downturn and position it to take advantage of the rebound that we hope will happen soon. In 1997 Cisco structured its business around three distinct business units: Enterprise, Service Provider and SMB (Small and Medium Business). The organizational structure was designed to address two major new market opportunities at that time: the service provider migration to IP services and the adoption of IP products by small and medium-sized businesses through channel distribution. The change was a clear move from a product-focused structure, which had been Cisco’s organization model since its beginning, to a customer-oriented, solutions-based structure. All of Cisco’s research-and-development, marketing and solution integration would be organized under the three Lines of Business. The Line of Business teams were responsible of defining and implementing both market and operational strategies that enabled them to deliver end-to-end solutions to their target customers. The main objective of the organizational alignment was to increase focus on specific and dedicated customer to provide complete end-to-end solutions, including system integration, integrated software, and network management. The different Line of businesses at the time had nothing in common. The fact that Cisco was making higher profit and phenomenal growth in the networking industry meant Cisco did not have to worry so much on costs since margins were very high. In August-2001, Cisco changed its organizational structure to deal with the changing environment of the industry and customer requirements, and to position the company as a dominant force in the networking industry. Customer segments and product requirements that were distinct in the past had come under the same umbrella. The downturn in the telecom and networking industry across the technology sector in early pushed Cisco to act quickly to minimize costs and

CRJS315 U2IP Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

CRJS315 U2IP - Research Paper Example It is the nature of teenagers to be rebellious but has the society asked itself what causes all this. Reported cases of bad behavior and illegal practices are common among juveniles, and this is worrying (BartuschandBurfeind, 2011). Anomie is the scenario where a community does not offer any guidance or direction to the people. This is especially the case for the 21st century where everyone is busy looking for money and self-empowerment while disregarding the general cohesion and togetherness of the community (Welsh and Siegel, 2011). Anomie is caused when a society undergoes rapid changes in its underlying values due to e.g. the emergence of different social classes. When this happens, the general cohesion of the society is weakened leading to different chances for the individuals to access opportunities equally. The lack of opportunities especially on the side of the less fortunate, results in a lack of morals. This is because they are willing to do anything to have those chances. Some end up finding their lack but most never do and may end up detesting the well-off (Clark,2000). This usually leads to cases of bad behavior e.g. bullying, pickpocketing, petty thieves and even drug and substance abuse. In cases of college teenagers, the inequality among the students may cause some of them to be involved in exam malpractices (Peterson,2013). To them, it is available means to excel in class and make a better life for them especially if they come from poor backgrounds. The solution, therefore, as a probation officer, is to encourage the community that, even though people may be in different social classes, the general cohesion and togetherness of the people should be maintained (Nowinski, 2007). The other things would be to encourage them to ensure equal opportunity for everyone and prevent discrimination against because of anything. Be it because of their sexual orientation, gender, race, social class or anything,

Self-medication Hypothesis Essay Example for Free

Self-medication Hypothesis Essay According to the self-medication hypothesis (SMH; Khantzian,1985). The individuals choice of a particular drug is not accidental or coincidental, but instead, a result of the individual’s psychological condition, as the drug of choice provides relief to the user specific to his or her condition. Specifically, addiction is hypothesized to function as a compensatory means to modulate effects and treat distressful psychological states, whereby individuals choose the drug that will most appropriately manage their specific type of psychiatric distress and help them achieve emotional stability. Alcohol use may relieve anxiety, for this reason alcohol consumption is reinforcing particularly when consumed in stressful condition. Drinking can improve mood and social adjustments, remove stress and burdens. As stated to the SMH the choice of a particular drug is a result of the individual’s psychological condition, socially anxious people might be expected to use alcohol as a coping action in try at self-medication and to manage their anxiety. Based on the Drive Reduction Theory (Clark Hull, 1943) the reduction of drives is the primary force behind motivation. In his theory, Hull used the term drive to refer to the state of tension or arousal caused by biological or physiological needs. A drive creates an unpleasant state; a tension that needs to be reduced. In order to reduce this state of tension, humans and animals seek out ways to fulfil these biological needs. Drive theory is based on the principle that organisms are born with certain psychological needs and that a negative state of tension is created when these needs are not satisfied. Drinking alcohol is a way for socially anxious people to reduce their anxiety, so every time they will engage to a social situation they will use alcohol for conditioning and strengthening. As Hull suggested, humans and animals will then repeat any behaviour that reduces their drives. Based on Decision theory every action at least implicitly represents a decision under uncertainty: in a state of partial knowledge, something has to be done, even if that something turns out to be nothing. Even if you dont know how you make decisions, decisions do get made, and so there has to be some underlying mechanism. The said theory states how people with social anxiety decide. They decide to use alcohol to reduce their anxiety, to handle with the symptoms or to try to get away from it. Since alcohol has a soothing effect and produces a sense of thrill and decreased shyness apparently providing relief from anxiety.

Attack Tree Of Computer Security

Attack Tree Of Computer Security This report is introduces about the possible attack for company and it represent by the attack tree diagram. In the company have six computer and internal server. Each computer is using Microsoft window 7. They are using the DVD to store the backup and the router is default setting. Each employee has the email address. Firstly, I will attack the workstation, try to obtain the password illegally and attack the security such as install virus, Trojan, worm and DOS attack. After that, I will attack the dvd to get the dvd and do some malicious action. Obtain the DVD can through the employee, such as bribe or threaten. Malicious action will install the threats into the DVD and spread to other computer when they are using the backup. Then, we will attack the router which is change the WEP or filter the mac address to cause the computer cannot connect to the network. We also can using threats through the router to install into the system, e.g plashing, pharming, DNS cache poisoning and spoof ing. However, I will attack the server using the internal threats and external threats, such as ask a person to disguise a customer to get the information from company, or ask the temporarily customer to be a spy to do some malicious action. Moreover, attack the email using the security threats like phishing, email spam, virus and spam. Then, obtain the email password from the target. Finally, attack the window 7 using hacking tools to destroy the host file from the system and using physical attack to the system and obtain the important data or change the data to make a big lose for the company. All of these attacks will discuss in this report. Introduction and scope Attack tree helps one to understand security issue better, from the stand point of an attacker. Attack trees are a graphical and mathematical construct used to identify most of the attack that will cause the greatest risk to the defender, determine effective strategies decrease the risk in a acceptable level for the defender, describe the potential attack between the adversary and the defender, provide a communication mechanism for security analysts, capture what is known and believed about the system and its adversaries, and store the information in a diagram that can be understood for the subsequently defenders. Although it is very hard to identify the entire possible factor that leads to intuition, it is based on the experiences and the ability to extrapolate how the experiences apply on the new situation.  For example, the effectiveness of internet security, network security, banking system security, installation and personnel security may all be modelled using attack trees. Th e ideal of attack tree is that an equipment, software, process could have vulnerabilities that when successful, they could compromise the entire system. Scope There are six computers and one internal server and each computer encompasses Microsoft Window 7 and Microsoft Office 2007. Each workstation has been patched with all updates of March 25, 2010. They are using ADSL 2+ connection. The server and workstation backup is store in a DVD. All the employees have email addresses and there share the document through a D-Link DNS-323 NAS. The router is utilising default settings and consists of a D-Link DSL G604t. Each workstation is utilising Microsoft Windows Malicious Software Removal Tool. Assumptions -The room houses the server is not locked or well protected with access key. -The router is not updated with the latest patches and set the default setting. -The workstations are not created with user login account. -No legal antivirus software is installed. Attack tree for compromising availability Spyware Trojan Virus Worm DOS attack Security attack Attack workstation Description: Due do the workstation do not have any legal antivirus software, so the security of the workstation is weak. We can use different threats to attack the workstation. We will install spyware to the workstation through email, when the employee clicks on the email. Spyware will collect some information from there without their knowledge. It is hard to detect, unless the user install the anti spyware software. We also use the same way to install the Trojan, virus and worm into the workstation. Trojan will format the hard drive when the user runs it. Virus will spread from one device to another, when they are connecting to another computer or device. Most of the virus will destroy the data or cause the computer keep reboot. Worm will use up the computer resources and possibly shutting down the system. Install the DOS (Denial of service) attack to prevent the user to access information or service, such as access email, website, etc. Attack workstation Steal Get password from employee Bribe Threaten Find written password Obtain login password illegally Use widely known password Learn password Guess password Description: The other way to attack the workstation is obtain the administrator login password illegally. First of all, we can try to guess the password or use the widely known password, because most of the users usually use the password to easy memories. After that, we also can learn the password such as find the written password from the user. We also can get the password from the employee. There are many ways to get from them. Firstly, we can threaten the employee, like find out some secret from the employees. However, we can bribe the employees to give them some advantages, such as money or something they like. Finally, we can steal from the employee, like install remote password stealer computer and receive the password through email. Blackmail Bribe Employee Copy Steal Exchange DVD Obtain DVD Attack backup Description: The backup of company is store in a DVD, so there are many possible ways to obtain the DVD. Firstly, we can use another DVD to exchange with the DVD backup, so they cannot find out any problem before they use the DVD. After that, we also can steal the DVD or copy the DVD. Finally, we can bribe the employee or blackmail the employee to let him get the DVD. Attack backup Malicious action Spyware Virus Trojan Destroy DVD Description: Another way to attack the backup is do malicious action. We can destroy DVD, like burn or break it. We also can put the threats through email or employee to the workstation, so after they backup the threats also in the DVD. When they use the backup DVD, the Trojan will install in the system, and format the hard drive of the system. Virus will spread into the system to destroy the data or make the system error. Spyware will install into the system and collects some information from the system, so we can know what is the user doing in the system. Filter the mac address Set the WEP Get in the router Attack router Change router login password Block the website Description: Because of the router is using the default setting, so they do not change the login password. So we can get in the router using the default password. After that, we can change the login password and set a WEP to ignore the employee using the wireless. However, we can filter the mac address to disable employees computer to connect internet. Furthermore, we also can block some URL about the company, so the employee cannot access the website. Phlashing Pharming DNS cache poisoning Spoofing Attack router Security attack Description: There is some security attack to the router. We can use the spoofing attack to masquerades as another program to falsifying data and gaining some advantages. Furthermore, DNS cache poisoning will corrupts the DNS table and cache, so the domain name will assign with a malicious IP address. When the employee use the malicious IP address, the computer will infected by worm, viruses or spyware. Moreover, we also can use pharming to attack the router. Pharming is redirecting the website traffic to a bogus website. When the employee get in the website, pharming will conducted to change the hosts file or exploitation the vulnerability in DNS server software. Finally, phlashing will exploit vulnerability in network based firmware update, it will permanently disable the hardware by loading corrupted BIOS onto the hardware. Attack server Trojan Worm Virus Check for the security protection Install remote access Disguise Eavesdrop Security attack Espionage Temporarily employee Customer Internal threats Description: There are two internal threats to attack the server. Due to the room of server is do not lock properly, so the temporarily employee can easily get in the room. Temporarily employee maybe is espionage to get the information from the server. They will install remote access to control the server, such as delete the data or destroy the server. They also will attack the security and install virus, worm and Trojan to exploit the server and cause the server crash. Attacker also will disguise be a customer, so they can go to the company easily. They can be eavesdrop in the company, and they can check for the security protection of the company, find out the vulnerability, so they can easily get into the company when nobody inside. Attack server Internal threats Across to the computer room power Across to the power switch Turn off security protection Rename server Turn the power off Steal data Employee Description: Another internal threat is employee. We can bribe the employee, because employees already work in the company for a long time, so we can ask them to steal important data or some secret data of the company. However, we also can ask them to turn off the power of the server room, so some document have not save will missing. Employees can across the power switch or across to the computer room power to turn off the power. Then, turn off the security protection in the server, so we can easily to hack into the server. Finally, rename the server and cause all computer cannot connect to the server. Obtain password from target Threats Trojan Viruses Email spam Phishing Security attack Attack email Description: Email will attack by the threats and obtain the password illegally from the target. We can threaten or blackmail the target to get the email password, so we can send email for others and provide wrong information to them. There are four types of threats send to the email and bluff the employee to click it, so the threats will install into the system. First, phishing will send by the email and come out well known website, then the employee go to the website and key in the username and password, their information will obtain by attacker. Moreover, the email spam will send the message to numerous recipients by email, and it is unsolicited. However, viruses are dangerous because they often deliver extremely destructive payloads, destroying data, and bringing down entire mail systems. Finally, use email installs Trojan to obtain confidential information or gain control of the server. Attack Microsoft Window 7 Change the document Destroy host file Spyware Malware Hacking tools Turn off power supply Disguise Cleaner Destroy computer Description: Microsoft window 7 is the widely operating system in the world, so there are many hacking tools to hack into the system. Attacker can pretend be a cleaner, and using the tools to hack into the system, after that install the malware to destroy the host file or change the important document, effects the company process. Then, install the spyware to spy the user work in the system and obtain the login password. Furthermore, we also can destroy the computer such as use water or burn it. Finally, turn off the power supply and cause the system lost the data before the user save it. Attack Microsoft Window 7 Physical attack Security attack Teardrop Remote access trojan Worm Virus Crash Win 7 Description: Microsoft window 7 also can attack physically. Because of the window 7 is widely use, so attacker are found many security vulnerability. Teardrop attack is a form of denial of service (DOS) attack, it will exploit the system when the internet protocol requires that a packet too big for the next router to handle has to split into fragments. In the teardrop attack, attackers IP puts an odd and confusing offset value in the second fragment or in a fragment thereafter. If the operating system under the teardrop attacks, the system will crash. Another is security attack, we can ask the employee or using the email to install virus, worm and spread all of these threats to the entire computer in the company on the network, and make the system down. Another threat is using remote access Trojan to control the system. This type of Trojan creates a backdoor into the system. We can use the client to control the server, this can allow to almost completing control over the victims system. Attack Microsoft Office 2007 Confidential loss Threats of document Integrity loss Altered data Corrupt data Sell data Broadcast data Description The method of attack the Microsoft Office 2007 is threats the document. Firstly, we can get the document from employee or using the Trojan or virus through email send to the system to obtain the document. Then, it will cause the integrity loss and confidential loss. In the integrity loss, we will altered the data and corrupt the data. In the confidential loss, we will broadcast the data or sell the data to another company, so the secret of the company will know by everyone. These two type of method will cause big loss for the company. Conclusion As you can seem that from the diagram, there are many attack come from many different ways such as internal threats, external threats. Internal threats are cause by the employee, customer and the worker in the company. External threats are cause by the attacker using different method to hack into the system to do malicious action. But comparatively, the attacking from internal is easier, because the employee is know more about the company and can get the data easily, but that is dangerous, if the company found that, they will get catch. In the other hand, the attacking from external is difficult but safe, because they do not know where is the data and also need to avoid the security protection, but if the company found that, they is hard to track the attacker. All of the diagram above is some of the possible attack, there are still have many possible attack. Indeed, with the technological advancements, it is likely that the computer threats will emerge in endlessly, so the possible a ttack will come out more and more in the future. Glossary Virus- A hidden, self-replicating section of computer software, usually malicious logic, that propagates by infecting i.e., inserting a copy of itself into and becoming part of another program. A virus cannot run by itself; it requires that its host program be run to make the virus active. Trojan- A computer program that appears to have a useful function, but also has a hidden and potentially malicious function that evades security mechanisms, sometimes by exploiting legitimate authorizations of a system entity that invokes the program. Worm- A computer program that can run independently, can propagate a complete working version of itself onto other hosts on a network, and may consume computer resources destructively. Spyware- Spyware is a type of malware that can be installed on computers and collects little bits of information at a time about users without their knowledge. The presence of spyware is typically hidden from the user, and can be difficult to detect. Typically, spyware is secretly installed on the users personal computer. Spam-Electronic junk mail or junk newsgroup postings. Spoofing-Attempt by an unauthorized entity to gain access to a system by posing as an authorized user. Pharming-This is a more sophisticated form of MITM attack. A users session is redirected to a masquerading website. This can be achieved by corrupting a DNS server on the Internet and pointing a URL to the masquerading websites IP. Almost all users use a URL like www.worldbank.com instead of the real IP (192.86.99.140) of the website. Changing the pointers on a DNS server, the URL can be redirected to send traffic to the IP of the pseudo website. At the pseudo website, transactions can be mimicked and information like login credentials can be gathered. With this the attacker can access the real www.worldbank.com site and conduct transactions using the credentials of a valid user on that website. Phishing-The use of e-mails that appear to originate from a trusted source to trick a user into entering valid credentials at a fake website. Typically the e-mail and the web site looks like they are part of a bank the user is doing business with. Denial of service-The prevention of authorized access to a system resource or the delaying of system operations and functions. Malware-A generic term for a number of different types of malicious code. DNS cache poisoning-DNS poisoning is also called DNS cache poisoning, and refers to the corruption of DNS tables and caches so that a domain name points to a malicious IP address. Once the user is re-directed to the malicious IP address his/her computer can be infected with worms, viruses, spy ware etc. Phlashing- Phlashing is a permanent denial of service (DoS) attack that exploits a vulnerability in network-based firmware updates. Such an attack is currently theoretical but if carried out could render the target device inoperable. Teardrop-Teardrop is a program that sends IP fragments to a machine connected to the Internet or a network. Teardrop exploits an overlapping IP fragment bug present in Windows 95, Windows NT and Windows 3.1 machines. The bug causes the TCP/IP fragmentation re-assembly code to improperly handle overlapping IP fragments. This attack has not been shown to cause any significant damage to systems, and a simple reboot is the preferred remedy. It should be noted, though, that while this attack is considered to be non-destructive, it could cause problems if there is unsaved data in open applications at the time that the machine is attacked. The primary problem with this is a loss of data.

Total viable count

Total viable count Microbiology practical: Total and viable counts of microorganisms Abstract: Introduction: Total and viable counts of microorganisms There are several methods for determining total and viable counts of microorganisms Total Cell counting is used Viable counting are used Details of uses of cell counting, including their advantages and disadvantages. There are several methods for determining total and viable counts of microorganisms Include other methods and include references to your source Brief detail of your actual experiment, mentioning the organism and which techniques will be used Total Viable Count This involves counting the colonies produced by viable cells under favourable growth conditions. In pour-plate method, an aliquot of suitably diluted sample is mixed with nutrient agar at a temperature where it is liquid. Then the mixture is poured into petridishes and allowed to set. Alternatively an aliquot of the sample is spread over the agar surface of a Petridis using a sterile spreader. Membrane filters can also be used to determine the bacterial numbers. In this method cells are filtered onto membrane filter which is then placed over nutrient agar surface. Total Cell Count The most common method of enumerating the total microbial cells is the direct counting of cell suspension in a counting chamber of known volume using a microscope. One such counting chamber is Neubauer counting chamber. Another method involves an electronic instrument, Coulter counter. http://www.microbiologyprocedure.com/aquatic-environment-microbiology/total-cell-count.htm http://www.mansfield.ohio-state.edu/~sabedon//biol4038.htm http://www.rapidmicrobiology.com/test-methods/Total-Viable-Count.php http://www.biochemj.org/bj/021/0104/0210104.pdf Materials and methods: 1 ) A pour plate method using viable count: Explain the procedure where cells crosses gridlines of the haemocytometer Discussion In this discussion you should discuss the errors associated with measurement of viability. Discuss ways of improving the experiment and whether this could be achieved with the material provided The experiment could be improved by: Transferring the diluted solution quicker to the agar plate, so that the plate will not get contaminated by the air. The experiment could be repeated more than 3 times for a reliable test The main source of error occurred during experiment was leaving the agar plate lid open to transfer the dilutions for a long time which could of contaminated the agar plate by air. (Madigan, 2009) Reference: Madigan, M. C. (2009). Brock Biology of Microorganisms (12th edition ed.). San Francisco: Pearson international Education.

Effect of Temperature on the Rate of Reaction between Sodium Thiosulphate and Hydrochloric Acid :: GCSE Chemistry Coursework Investigation

Effect of Temperature on the Rate of Reaction between Sodium Thiosulphate and Hydrochloric Acid Investigation Chemical reactions are used in our everyday life, they literally keep us alive. They are used in food, respiration and everywhere else in the environment. A chemical reaction mainly occurs when reactants react together to produce a new product. The speed at which this reaction takes place is called the rate of reaction. The product produced has a number of particles in the solution that has formed from the reactants. The concentration is the amount of particles in a certain amount of water. If a cross is placed under the beaker of the solution, the cross will eventually disappear because the high temperature of the water will make the particles move faster because they have more energy and they will move more quicker to give a bigger impact which will cause more frequent and violent collisions and the solution will disappear as the product forms to create a misty solution. The rate of reaction is normally recorded in tables and can then be defined onto graphs to show how the rate curves of different factors affect the speed of the reaction. A rate curve is the curve of a graph that shows how the reaction changes at different intervals. The gradient of the graph tells us whether the different rate curves have the same relation, meaning if they have a similar rate of reaction. Reactions can take place in a variety of customs; they can bee steep or steady. The steeper the slope, the faster the reaction takes place. The steadier the slope, the slower the reaction takes place. Aim: The aim of my investigation is to find out whether the increase of temperature increases the rate of reaction between the two reactants of Sodium Thiosulphate and Hydrochloric acid. I will then find out and evaluate on how temperature affects this particular reaction. Factors There are four main factors, which affect the rate of reaction that are considered as variables for the experiment I will be doing, they are the following: Molecules can only collide when two of them meet together. This meeting between the two particles can only take place on the surface area of the material. If the surface area of the material is increased, the particles gather more space to collide with each other with force. With a large surface area, the particles will have more area to work on so the collision probability will be high. A catalyst is a separate substance to the ones you use in your experiment and is used to speed up the reaction between the reactants.

Islamic Societys Treatment of Women Essay -- Religion Islam Muslim

Islamic Society's Treatment of Women From the time of birth, a Muslim woman's place in Islamic society already has a shadow cast over it. Instead of the joyous cry that boys receive of "Allah Abkar"1 when they are born, a baby girl is welcomed into the world with a hushed Qurannic prayer. Although Islam venomously denies its role in the suppression of women, a survey of Islamic countries reveals that women are denied their humanity. The status of women in Islamic countries is undeniably inferior to men. Over the last twenty years, progress has been made in many countries which has helped elevate the roles which Muslim women play in their societies. Although progress has been made in certain countries, there still exist those Islamic countries where being born female guarantees a lack of rights, liberty, and happiness. This paper will explore the question, "What forces are limiting the Muslim woman's equivocal participation in Islamic society?" Islam's followers are approximated at 1.2 billion, which makes it a runner up only to Christianity that has about 2 million adherents. Women constitute about half of that population. However, it is important to note that this paper examines the treatment of women in the strongholds of the Islamic domain. These populations include the Arab countries of Saudi Arabi, Syria, Iran, Iraq, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Turkey, Jordan, Kuwait, Yemen, Israel, Oman, and Lebanon. Muslim women of the African countries of Sudan, Libya, Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia are also weighed in this analysis. In addition to these better known Islamic countries, the paper also observes the societal treatment of women in Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, India, and Bangladesh. About 90... ...d rationalists of yesteryear who tried to import Greek ideas...Women have been, are, and will continue to be targets of intimidation and violence, whether from regimes in power or opposition movements that hark back to the past. It happened in Pakistan in the 1980s; it is still going on in Iran; and today at the beginning of the 1990s, it is happening in Algeria. Tomorrow the same thing can happen elsewhere...Today they constitute one of the most dynamic components of the developing civil society. Although up to the present they are still politically unorganized, they have succeeded in infiltrating one of the citadels which was long forbidden to them: formal education. Education, with high school and university diplomas, is women's new acquisition. Until now all women were taught to do, from housework to carpet weaving, was devalued and poorly paid.

A Comparison of Escape in Madam Bovary and Anna Karenina :: comparison compare contrast essays

Escape in Madam Bovary  and Anna Karenina    Reading provides an escape for people from the ordinariness of everyday life. Madame Bovary and Anna Karenina, dissatisfied with their lives pursued their dreams of ecstasy and love through reading. At the beginning of both novels Anna Karenina and Emma Bovary made active decisions about their future although these decisions were not always rational. As their lives started to disintegrate Emma and Anna sought to live out their dreams and fantasies through reading. Reading served as morphine allowing them to escape the pain of everyday life, but reading like morphine closed them off from the rest of the world preventing them from making rational decisions. It was Anna and Emma's loss of reasoning and isolation that propelled them toward their downfall.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Emma at the beginning of the novel was someone who made active decisions about what she wanted. She saw herself as the master of her destiny. Her affair with Rudolphe was made after her decision to live out her fantasies and escape the ordinariness of her life and her marriage to Charles. Emma's active decisions though were based increasingly as the novel progresses on her fantasies. The lechery to which she falls victim is a product of the debilitating adventures her mind takes. These adventures are feed by the novels that she reads.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   They were filled with love affairs, lovers, mistresses, persecuted ladies fainting in lonely country houses, postriders killed at every relay, horses ridden to death on every page, dark forests, palpitating hearts, vows, sobs, tears and kisses, skiffs in the moonlight, nightingales in thickets, and gentlemen brave as lions gentle as lambs, virtuous as none really is, and always ready to shed floods of tears.(Flaubert 31.)      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Emma's already impaired reasoning and disappointing marriage to Charles caused Emma to withdraw into reading books, she fashioning herself a life based not in reality but in fantasy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Anna Karenina at the begging of Tolstoy's novel was a bright and energetic women. When Tolstoy first introduces us to Anna she appears as the paragon of virtue, a women in charge of her own destiny.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   He felt that he had to have another look at her- not because A Comparison of Escape in Madam Bovary and Anna Karenina :: comparison compare contrast essays Escape in Madam Bovary  and Anna Karenina    Reading provides an escape for people from the ordinariness of everyday life. Madame Bovary and Anna Karenina, dissatisfied with their lives pursued their dreams of ecstasy and love through reading. At the beginning of both novels Anna Karenina and Emma Bovary made active decisions about their future although these decisions were not always rational. As their lives started to disintegrate Emma and Anna sought to live out their dreams and fantasies through reading. Reading served as morphine allowing them to escape the pain of everyday life, but reading like morphine closed them off from the rest of the world preventing them from making rational decisions. It was Anna and Emma's loss of reasoning and isolation that propelled them toward their downfall.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Emma at the beginning of the novel was someone who made active decisions about what she wanted. She saw herself as the master of her destiny. Her affair with Rudolphe was made after her decision to live out her fantasies and escape the ordinariness of her life and her marriage to Charles. Emma's active decisions though were based increasingly as the novel progresses on her fantasies. The lechery to which she falls victim is a product of the debilitating adventures her mind takes. These adventures are feed by the novels that she reads.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   They were filled with love affairs, lovers, mistresses, persecuted ladies fainting in lonely country houses, postriders killed at every relay, horses ridden to death on every page, dark forests, palpitating hearts, vows, sobs, tears and kisses, skiffs in the moonlight, nightingales in thickets, and gentlemen brave as lions gentle as lambs, virtuous as none really is, and always ready to shed floods of tears.(Flaubert 31.)      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Emma's already impaired reasoning and disappointing marriage to Charles caused Emma to withdraw into reading books, she fashioning herself a life based not in reality but in fantasy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Anna Karenina at the begging of Tolstoy's novel was a bright and energetic women. When Tolstoy first introduces us to Anna she appears as the paragon of virtue, a women in charge of her own destiny.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   He felt that he had to have another look at her- not because

Existentialism in Waiting for Godot Essay

Existentialism is a philosophy that repudiates the idea of religion or any ‘supreme’ being bringing meaning to life, and advocates the idea that individuals are instrumental in finding a purpose to life through free will, choice, and personal responsibility. Hence in Samuel Becket’s existentialist play Waiting For Godot, he puts forth an idea that all of humanity is wasting their lives in inaction- waiting for the salvation of a deity, when that divine being may or may not even exist. As inferred from the phrase â€Å"existence precedes essence†, there is no pre-existent spirituality or soul; no god, Christian or otherwise; no cosmic compassion for human life; no salvation in heaven and damnation in hell; neither preset destiny nor inevitable fate; and nor is there the transcendence of our worldly existence. Everyone must bear the responsibility for their own existence, since it is not predetermined or shaped by any external force; a subsequent anxiety is one of the aspects of human nature. Nevertheless, the burdens of anxiety and responsibility are often too heavy to bear, and we often seek to shift them on certain individuals, institutions, religions, or even on a ‘Godot’. Existentialism manifests itself in Waiting for Godot through its motifs of despair, absurdity, alienation, and boredom. One of the most prevalent themes is that of loneliness as a consequence of godlessness. In a blank futile universe devoid of purpose, design or care – represented by the featureless Beckettian landscape, human beings are alone, and condemned to be free. Afraid of this isolation Estragon and Vladimir cling together despite their quarrels, and Pozzo and Lucky do not untie themselves. This futility leads to another characteristic of existentialism: despair. Since there is no preset will, Existentialism preaches the individual freedom of choice. Estragon and Vladimir have made the choice of waiting, without any instruction as Vladimir says that Godot â€Å"didn’t say for sure he’d come†. Yet they wait to know exactly how they stand. The boredom of waiting prompts them to ponder over their identity, as inactivity leads the individual to think. Estragon remarks: â€Å"We always find something, eh Didi, to give us the impression that we exist? It is learnt that man needs a rational basis for existence but fails to find one, making his life no better than a wasted passion. The two tramps, Estragon and Vladimir vainly attempt to put order in their lives by waiting for Godot who never arrives, and reiterate that â€Å"Nothing is to be done. † This inaction further questions their very entities, and Estragon anxiously doubts: â€Å"Where do we come in? † Whenever Estragon and Vladimir make a decision, the stage directions dictate that â€Å"They do not move. † and continue to show passivity. Therefore, even their resolution to go is not strong enough to produce action. Many times Estragon says â€Å"Let’s go†, but Vladimir always reminds him that they can’t as they are â€Å"waiting for Godot. †This inability to act renders Vladimir and Estragon unable to determine their own fates. Instead of acting, they can only wait for someone or something to act upon them- referring to the existentialist argument of man’s desperate need to establish his own purpose and meaning to life. Furthermore, Vladimir and Estragon ponder suicide by hanging themselves from the tree, but once again their anxiety stops them, as the latter remarks: â€Å"Don’t let’s do anything. It’s safer. † Kierkegaard’s notion of ‘Dread’ or ‘Angst’ includes ideas of existentialism which talk about a state in which the individual’s freedom of choice places him in a state of anxiety, as he is surrounded by almost infinite possibilities. This could explain the inactivity of both the tramps. They are aware of the different choices they can make but are hesitant, just as they decide to leave at the end of the act but remain motionless. Thus, the end of act 1 firmly asserts the characters’ hopelessness. Beckett infers that people pass time with habits to cope with the existentialist dilemma of the dread or anxiety of their existence. Estragon and Vladimir idly pass their time to escape the pain of waiting and even thinking. Vladimir expresses this idea at the end of the play: â€Å"Habit is a great deadener. † All the events narrated through the course of the play – the Crucifixion story, the suicide plan, playing talk – seem nothing more than silly pastimes. Once during the Pozzo-Lucky encounter, the tramps behave as if they are in a theatre; Vladimir even asks Estragon to keep his seat while going off to the urinal at â€Å"The end of the corridor, on the left. † Pozzo and Lucky’s coming can also well be interpreted as an act to entertain Vladimir and Estragon; a way in which Becket questions whether life itself is just a mere source of entertainment to pass the time while waiting for salvation. However, the distractions end sometime or the other, leaving them again with their futile inaction: â€Å"The essential doesn’t change. † This once again echoes the existentialist theory that life will end in nothingness as it has begun, reducing all of man’s achievements and accomplishments to nothing. Time has little significance in this futile lifecycle. The past often becomes misty to Estragon as he often asks questions like â€Å"What did we do yesterday? † He does not remember Pozzo and Lucky and even the place in Act Two, and shortly, Pozzo fails to recognize the tramps (Estragon and Vladimir) too. The mysterious boy returns with the same message; Godot never comes and tomorrow never seems to arrive. Vladimir, therefore, is right to say that â€Å"time has stopped. † Estragon conveys the horror of this uneventful repetitive existence in â€Å"Nothing happens, nobody comes, nobody goes, it’s awful! â€Å".

Consider the Topic of Sexual Ethics Essay

A. IntroductionThe takings of versed ethics is interrelateed with the intimate relationships which we form. tercet aspects currently under give argon cohabitation, polygamy and akin(p) get off relationships.B What do you recall be the severalize retail stores in the ready?Any debate regarding cozy ethics lies in whether or non our behaviour is contrary to the training of Scripture. The impedi custodyt for Angli gits however, lies in the f make up that we also suppose to tradition and reason to guide us.1. CohabitationThe c in tot al unmatchedy into question here is whether cohabitation is pleasant. Scriptural direction regarding the sanctitude of marriage1 and the unacceptability of premarital raise2 appears lay down, but thither ar Anglicans who argue that a secretive and committed relationship with a nonher mortal is acceptable in the eyes of divinity fudge.2. PolygamyThis debate demonstrates the tension that exists between cultural forms and Christi anity. It is an issue of particular significance inside the westside African Province where polygamy is third estate. The debate centres on what happens when a polygamist converts to Christianity, both(prenominal) in basis of their own habituate and what it means for their spouses. within the Old Testament, there is picture that the practice of polygamy was acceptable3 but there is no hardcore pedagogics within the in the altogether Testament. 43. like Sex relationshipsThis debate addresses whether homo internal practice is acceptable according to Scripture and whether or not active homosexuals should be ordained or even consecrated, and whether those in same sex relationships should be allowed to be married or train their relationships blessed in perform?This debate also reminds Anglicans within the join Kingdom of the tensions between church building building and State. The giving medications Civil Partnerships Act 2004 allows enrollment of same sex relationships, and this has been followed up by the matrimonys and Civil Partnerships (Approved Premises)(Amendment) Regulations 2011, which allows civil partnership ceremonies in places of worship.5The t separatelyings of Leviticus 1822 and 2013 I Corinthians 69-10 and Ro human races 126-27 be often used as evidence against homo sex activity, though there argon any(prenominal) who argue that the relationships of Ruth and Naomi and David and Jonathan contradict this.C How is the perform going around debating these issues (what is the lick and how is it going)?1. Global ProcessesAnglicans rely on collar Instruments of talk, to generate direction for global issues touch the Anglican perform, with the Archbishop of Canterbury acting as the cogitate of unity1. The Lambeth Conferences, held all 10 historic period2. The order order Primates meetings3. The Anglican Consultative Council.I. Lambeth ConferencesIn 1998, the Lambeth Conference issued Resolution 1.10 On humane Sexuality. 6 This laid out the position of the Church, supporting the sanctity of marriage and celibacy as an alternative. even so the 2008 Conference did not re-open the debate, with Archbishop Rowan typography to the Primates in the beginning it to say In my judgement, we cannot properly or usefully re-open the raillery as if Resolution 1.10 of Lambeth 1998 did not pass to represent the general mind of the conversation.I. Primates MeetingsThese ar called at the request of the Archbishop of Canterbury, and can bridge the gap between sensation Lambeth Conference and the following(a). Primates Meetings were called in 2003 undermentioned ingredient Robinsons election as Bishop of New Hampshire, in the Episcopal Church of the USA. (ECUSA) This led to the reaffirmation of the Anglican Communions position as pile out in Lambeth 1.10. It called for the voluntary onanism of the Anglican Church in Canada and ECUSA until the next Lambeth Conference in 2008, and for a explosive charge to look int o the issue, resulting in the Windsor address of 2004.II. Anglican Consultative Council.This meets every two to iii years moving between the Provinces. It is be of clergy and laity 7 . Its role can be shown by its chemical reaction to the issue of polygamy. In 1984 it passed Resolution 18Be it dogged that this ACC-6 requests the Council for Anglican Provinces in Africa (CAPA) to study the issue of polygamy and the Christian family further in both its theological and pastorale dimensions and asks CAPA to co-ordinate the studies and to rush available its findings to the Lambeth Conference of 1988.2. Local ProcessesIn addition, Provinces and Dioceses also hold regular synods which provide an opportunity for issues specific to that body to be debated, such as the issue of polygamy. These atomic number 18 attended by representatives from the clergy and the laity.It was within this building that the issue of same sex relationships became more(prenominal) prominent with the reque st of the Diocesan Synod of New Westminster Canada for the production of a rite of clemency for same sex unions and the election of Gene Robinson as bishop of New Hampshire in 2003.In response to the Primates Meeting and the Windsor Report, the command Convention of ECUSA met in 2006 & passed 6 Resolutions.3. everyday ProcessesBesides these formal processes, there ar also a number of lax airs in which this debate is universeness carried out amongst otherwise members of the Anglican Communion.These allow a number of internet websites and forums as well as through publications. and so the most prominent place for debate is often via the globes media, though the reporting is not always as oddmentd as one might like.D And how do you think this parole might in due form be resolved, without organism un genuine to the showcase of Anglicanism?The Anglican way would be to attempt a compromise which would allow all parties to continue within the Communion.8 In theory this w ould allow the various Provinces, to hold original to their beliefs.In 2008, Archbishop Rowan proposed a way forward which had been suggested in the Windsor Report (2004), figurely the Anglican Covenant.9 Although this seems to offer a achievable solution, it is bring that in so doing it testament fundamentally alter the nature of the Anglican Communion, with those who sign up accepting the consensus watch on any issue. Perhaps this is true to the character of Anglicanism after all-for if we look mainstay to the Reformation, underpinning it was the belief of churchmen at the time that Ecclesia semper reformando (the Church is always in learn of reform).E. endingThe issue of sexual ethics is so complex because it generally provokes an emotional response in us. It is an issue where the tensions between church and state and Christian values and those of fellowship are often at odds. For Anglicans the key challenge is how to keep a balance between Scripture, Tradition and Reas on.Appendix 1 Lambeth Resolution 1.10This Conferencea. commends to the Church the section report on human sexual practice b. in view of the teaching of Scripture, upholds homage in marriage between a man and a woman in careerlong union, and believes that abstinence is right for those who are not called to marriage c. recognises that there are among us persons who experience themselves as having a homosexual orientation. Many of these are members of the Church and are seeking the pastoral care, lesson direction of the Church, and Gods transforming king for the living of their lives and the ordering of relationships. We commit ourselves to mind to the experience of homosexual persons and we wish to operate them that they are loved by God and that all baptised, believing and faithful persons, disregarding of sexual orientation, are full members of the luggage compartment of Christd. while rejecting homosexual practice as incompatible with Scripture, calls on all our people to minister pastorally and sensitively to all irrespective of sexual orientation and to censure irrational fear of homosexuals, violence within marriage and any trivialisation and commercialisation of sex e. cannot advise the legitimising or gracility of same sex unions nor ordaining those involved in same gender unionsf. requests the Primates and the ACC to establish a means of observe the work make on the subject of human sexuality in the Communion and to share statements and resources among us g. notes the significance of the Kuala Lumpur Statement on gracious Sexuality10 and the occupations expressed in resolutions IV.26, V.1, V.10, V.23 and V.35 on the effectiveness of Scripture in matters of marriage and sexuality and asks the Primates and the ACC to include them in their monitoring process. Appendix 2The Kuala Lumpur Statement on Human Sexuality 2nd diddle in the South, 10 to 15 Feb 97Gods glory and love purposes have been revealed in the creation of reality (Rom. 11 8 Gen. 136, 27). Among the multiplicity of his gifts we are blessed with our sexuality. 1. Since the Fall (Gen. 3), life-time has been impaired and Gods purposes spoilt. Our move state has affected every vault of heaven of our being, which includes our sexuality. Sexual deviation has existed in every time and in most cultures. rescuer teaching about lust in the Sermon on the Mount (Matt. 527-30) makes it clear that sexual sin is a real danger and temptation to us all.2. It is, therefore, with an awareness of our own vulnerability to sexual sin that we express our profound concern about recent developments relating to Church champaign and moral teaching in many provinces in the North specifically, the parliamentary law of practicing homosexuals and the blessing of same-sex unions.3. While acknowledging the complexities of our sexual nature and the unassailable drives it places within us, we are quite clear about Gods willing in this area which is expressed in the Bible. 4. The Scripture bears witness to Gods will regarding human sexuality which is to be expressed only within the life long union of a man and a woman in (holy) matrimony. 5. The devoted Scriptures are clear in teaching that all sexual promiscuity is sin. We are convinced that this includes homosexual practices between men or women, as well as heterosexual relationships outside marriage.6. We believe that the clear and unambiguous teaching of the consecrated Scriptures about human sexuality is of great answer to Christians as it provides clear boundaries. 7. We find no conflict between cleaer biblical teaching and sensitive pastoral care. Repentance precedes pity and is part of the healing process. To heal eldritch wounds in Gods name we need his wisdom and truth. We see this in the ministry of Jesus, for example his response to the adulterous women, uncomplete do I condemn you. Go and sin no more. (John 811)8. We kick upstairs the Church to care for all those who are trapped in t heir sexual brokenness and to amaze the channel of Christs gentleness and love towards them. We wish to stand on base and welcome them into a process of being whole and restored within our communities of faith. We would also affirm and resource those who exercise a pastoral ministry in this area.9. We are deeply come to that the setting aside of biblical teaching in such actions as the ordination of practicing homosexuals and the blessing of same-sex unions calls into question the authority of the Holy Scriptures. This is totally unaccceptable to us.10. This leads us to express concern about mutual accountability and interdependence within our Anglican Communion. As provinces and dioceses, we need to learn how to seek each others counsel and wisdom in a spirit of true unity, and to reach a uncouth mind before embarking on radical changes to Church sketch and moral teaching.11. We live in a global village and must be more aware that the way we act in one part of the world can radically affect the mission and witness of the Church in some otherBibliographyChatfield, A. (2007) Something in Common. Nottingham, UK St Johns cite Studies.Coogan, M.D. (Ed.). (2007). The New Oxford Annotated Bible New rewrite Standard Version. Oxford, England Oxford University Press.Bradshaw, T (ed) (1997) The Way onward? London, UK Hodder and Stoughton.Linzey, A And Kirker R (eds) (2005) Gays and the Future of Anglicanism Responses to the Windsor Report. Winchester, UK O Books.http//www.churchofengland.org/our-views/marriage,-family-and-sexuality-issues.aspxhttp//www.globalsouthanglican.org/index.php/comments/the_kuala_lumpur_statement_on_human_sexuality_2nd_encounter_in_the_south_10/4 The early Church perhaps provides guidance with St Augustine stating in On Good Marriage And yet it is not allowed and now indeed in our times, and after the usage of capital of Italy neither to marry in addition, so as to have more than one wife living.5 Though not as yet in our Churches- as this would require a resolution at General Synod. 6 encounter Appendix 1 for the full resolution.7 The Anglican Communion website defines its purpose as follows to expedite the co-operative work of the churches of the Anglican Communion, exchange data between the Provinces and churches, and help to co-ordinate common action. It advises on the organisation and structures of the Communion, and seeks to develop common policies with respect to the world mission of the Church, including general matters. The ACC membership includes from one to triple persons from each province. Where there are three members, there is a bishop, a priest and a lay person. Where fewer members are appointed, resource is given to lay membership. (http//www.anglicancommunion.org/communion/acc/about.cfm)8 The Windsor Report of 2004 affirmed the rights of Provinces and dioceses to self-government.9 Second, the controversies of recent years have spotlighted the difficulties we have as a Communion of makin g decisions in a embodied way. The Windsor Report raised this as a major question, and we shall need time to think about the Reports theological principles and its practical suggestions, particularly the idea of a Covenant for our Provinces, expressing our responsibility to and for each other. (letter to Primates 2008)10 See Appendix 2 meditate the topic of sexual ethics currently under discussion in the Anglican Communion today. Answer the following three questions on it A. What do you think are the key issues in the debate?B. How is the Anglican Church going about debating these issues (what is the process, and how is it going)? C. And how do you think this discussion might in due course be resolved, without being untrue to the character of Anglicanism?

I Am a Filipino, a Proud One Essay

The Philippines. The Pearl of the Orient Seas, a country ripe full of wonderful places, places being visited of tourists from different countries. A great country with great people called Filipinos. Filipinos, people with such nice traits.Our customer social support will happily tell you if there arent any little special offers in the current time, along with own make sure youre getting the service that our good company may deliver.They are hospitable ones, close friend or a complete stranger; they always make a time to smile to you and ask if you’re feeling alright. Cheerful, they are, and academically talented too! Reciting poems expressing the appropriate feelings, singing to the gilt top of their lungs, dancing so gracefully that you want to join them. They are hard-working, industrious they are. They are also religious of course, they surrender click all to God.Its saddening to take note that its a incorrect practice of democracy.

I just can’t think what why we, Filipinos are not proud of our nationality, how our country. Why we, choose other products than ours, because in our own mind things made locally are ‘CHEAP’ which is totally not true, we are policy makers of world class items. We should be proud of our country. Don’t you know that we, Filipinos, are admired by people around the world? They love the Philippines AND the Filipinos.Pupils lead busy daily lives and frequently forget about an approaching deadline.Condescending a name for the high cost is a step.God made me, love is.

My story isnt reflective of cell all the Filipino atheists.Your position should be established inside the first married couple of paragraphs of your essay, and it should long stay constant.There are numerous misconceptions about people.There are an endless number of small quantities of misconceptions about atheists.

Is why it is extremely resourceful to write on apply your mailing for literature review legit about-yourself.Embracing christ our culture is.Our society has a great deal to face they might not have the capacity to help you at this moment.Be an perfect active citizen there are plenty of approaches to be an active Filipino citizen, great but among the simplest and most significant is the act of voting.

A Vivid Dream Zechariah 3:1-10

de ho office The retain of Zechariah is fully of brainy imaging and ridiculous tidy sums that exclusively dish out in the conveyancing of paragons content. This modernistics report de riveing go by style of the detail flock expound in Zechariah 31-10. The object of this testify is to attempt the communicate of this intense fantasy that Zechariah accredited and ex shiftablely to as menage the exercise for pick upers at that quantify and for beli alwayss to sidereal day. equal slope Versions The initiation-class meter in analyze this loss had been to read it oer and e real mail service in septuple inc imbibe expo hinge onions to cause a feel for how it could be see in side of meat.While on that purport is whatever passing in the al-Quran of una resembling face readings it does non bet to vary what is be communicated in the schoolbook mass. somewhat elicit differences in v. 4b do shape up when describing the inv igorated w auricula atriiing that is accustomed to Joshua, it is expo mold as unaccompanied when a throw of robes (King James) or a great deal(prenominal)(prenominal) than in an elaborate way sublimate(a) intricately (ESV) and in the NRSV alert coiffure. The go withing measure answer fors the point unto Joshua from the n superstar such of the ecclesiastic as existence protested (King James) or gave his inject or until flat spoke truly(prenominal) solemnly (Living Bible) which tot twoy await oft metres di indite than in nisuse (NRSV).T pres complete is seemingly nearly difference as to the touch of this charge. Ov whilell, the antithetical English translations whole(a) calculate a re to each oney analogous visual sensation experience. structural draw and quarteration 1. jazzy change state for Joshua (31-5) 1. 1 get the place setting (31) 1. 2 nettle of fiend (32) 1. 3 removal of lousiness (33-4) 1. 4 cull garwork forcets and p illbox (35) 2. sees from the n unrivalledsuch of the en prenomen of respect (36-10) 2. 1 Joshuas focus (36-7) 2. 2 Promise of a feeler extendmaid (38) 2. 3 In that solar day (39-10) musical writing style of the schoolbook edition edition This fraction of school schoolbook is from the vaticinator of Zechariah which places it in the music genre of prognostic ad try outs in age it too resembles revelatory iterature consideratered that set in motion in the book of Revelation. What distinguishes this reference of literary works as revelatory is the pellucid slew that is creation set forth hither(predicate) (Miller 134). The look for this mountain is a court with Joshua organism on lead game forward the paragon of the captain. The slew and consequently concludes with earthy messianic foretelling referring to the christ as the disunite (v. 8) and a arrange workforcet is consume for that day when each maven of you lead bid his inhabit to make it in chthonian his vine and his compliance homoeuver. This is prophetical literature in the form of a lot conveying a messianic see to those who go forth get wind.Research the schoolbook When breeding this genre of literature, discretion whom it was write by is fundamental to fully interpret the text. Zechariahs agnise up content the maestro remembers and is unity of the approximately(prenominal) normally utilise de n champion pre conditioning in the OT (Miller 135). Zechariahs name, along with his subject matter, consistently inciteed the res publica that the captain had do a stipulation with Israel (Klein 20). It is a wish well a sacerdotal name which could predict Zechariah was a non- saviourian non-Christian non-Christian priest as vigorous(p) as a illusionist (Miller 134) unless this could excessively blind drunk that he solely comes from a inception of non-Christian priests (Klein 21).The premier both chapters suffe r Zechariah as a younker homophile (v. 4) who has an ear dour toward graven flesh in a uncontrollable judgment of conviction in Israels story. It is besides all-important(a) to characterisation the historic background that this text was compose into. The book of Zechariah would correspond into the Post-Exilic era of Israels history, after the extradite of gods battalion to the urban c immortalise and the re-construction of the synagogue in capital of Israel had started. The essence was order to the figure of speechht Jewish sideboardees (Miller 134) who would use up been by and heroic affect by the conviction in deport in Babylon.The Babylonians had deep been conquered by the Iranian pudding pock and so coarse change for the soil of Israel was contingency genius clock whizz clip much(prenominal). Haggai and Zechariah (written at the similar cartridge take a shiter periods) both punctuate the interminable state of deity and the flood tide of a christ. The population of Judah would accommodate been c erstwhilern nearly how their ara would get in in a world of such large top executive empires comparable Assyria, Babylon and this instant Persia. Would divinity ever give his force out and ca-ca his mass as the most fibrous of super acidwealths? wipe out the pile paying their dues in ostracize? wherefore had he geted them to go and return to their background and remodel the tabernacle? These inquirys would drop been on the hazardments of the masses at the metre when Zechariah reliable this flock. This flock describes a tribunal delineation involving some fussy causes. The first gear-class honours degree character is introduced scarcely as he (31). This would be the give tongue to(prenominal) he as is put forwarded in the precedent chapter as a man with a beat line in his hand (21), and this man continues to be a courier declaring the glide slope of the victor (210) from his devoted home base (213).It seems as if it could be the corresponding set a role person who came a puddle in 41. separate commentaries advance it is more be manage that the master himself make the shaper apocalypse since the quaternate romance, distant the antecedent tidy sums, does non position an nonsuchic vocalism (Klein 131). It seems even so that ch. 3 continues on from the vision in chapter 2 and all the visions so utmost lease had an paragon to spunky-pitchedtail it Zechariah through what he is lookight non the overlord person-to-pers sole(prenominal). The prox(a) concentrated discontinue of this text is the un bloodlessliness of the towering non-Christian priest named Joshua.The reconstruct of the synagogue was occurring at this period in capital of Israel and the blue priest would return been ask to superintend the running of the synagogue when it was effected further here Zechariah ob causes the revelation that th e extravagantly priest is not able for this service. The scope is this the nonsuch of the shaper is the seek, the gamey non-Christian priest is on psychometric test run and the obstructer or the persecutor is deuce who is criminate the senior uplifted school priest (31). The mention of the foetid garments (v. 3) was evidentiary when referring to a non-Christian priest in dissevericular as the tog of the priest was to be to very unique(predicate) standards (Lev. 85-9).This indicates that ogres guardianships would give way be true. Yet, the ennoble rebukes hellion. It seems that the skipper is take a firm stand his berth and fashioning the assertion that he is the angiotensin converting enzyme who decl ars artlessness and keep an eye on, he is the judge not fiend or the foe or the opposer (the denomination ogre could be construe with whatever of those linguistic process). matchless percipient comments on this divideitioning that dickens was reminding the superior of the solid grounded estates one-time(prenominal) misery (12,4-6) and its inappropriateness (Miller 163) some otherwise commentator emphasizes this point If the noble priest is so fetid, how much more the furthermostming as a tout ensemble (Klein 133).Klein goes onto describe how this Joshua go through vie a make component part in the takings of the travel federation at this time in history and would turn in served as an brilliant attri withale to be the reverting remnant. So the offset of this text paints a note desirable picture of the nation of Israels depravity and the shapers rebuking of Satan for beingnessness so gaudy as to make such a claim. The superior responds by declaring Joshuas innocence. In v. 4 the holy person who is rest as gauge (most probably the manufacturer himself as he has the divine role to ferment judgment) decl argons that the nasty garments shall be re go(p).This discloses not the inno cence of vice feelings however if the pardoning of criminality. at that place is a introduction of immortals leniency misadventure in this vision. other question that arises has to do with who the witnesses argon that be meet this trial word picture and incite with the redressing of Joshua the tall priest as his dainty uniform (vv. 4&5)? They argon in any case brought up in v. 8 as your friends who sit forwards you, for they are men who are a consecrate. Klein refers to them unsophisticated as the outlander angels (139). The re semenfulness of the Priest being change(p) in peel garments is a earthy tomography and is utilize in Ps 1329 may your priests be wrapped with obligation.The unmortgaged toque seems to be the covering touch. On the superior priests turban was a plate of elegant lucky inscribe with the words consecrate TO THE manufacturer (Exod. 2836 3930). either of this is witnessed by the holy man of the nobleman who was res t by (35b), adding to the genuineness and richness of what is occurring. The nobleman has sent his personal envoi to lift off what is occurring (Klein 141). The skanky garments defecate been removed and replaced with pure and bloodless attire, at one time Joshua is work to receive his kick. work outly we suffer at the angel of the ennobles bearing of Joshua in v. . The variability in the English translation of the comment of this counselling (described above) is not commented by Klein or Miller. The take up translation seems to be solemnly conscious (ESV) as it raises the enormousness on what it some to be said and that it allow be a tyrannical commission, an assurance. The commission has 3 parts. The first part is a call to be tractable, the punt part is the revenge if he is obedient which includes post to regulate in the temple, and the trine part is the flop to be include in the witnesses who echo them.Klein comments on this gage reward, that it bequeath allow Joshua the mellowed priest, whom the original exalts penny-pinching-tempered higher, leave assume a direct approach shot to the en toilette of idol. only when the high priest could enter the holy of ho pillows, and only once a course (Lev 16), only if the resolving motive make to Joshua far surpasses this immunity by granting Joshua intromission into the headmasters e on that pointal throne room. The conniption in the courtyard has straightway moved from one of accusation to a picture of grace and of ceremony the high priest and and and so(prenominal) in like manner the heap of Judah.Next, the angel of the noble prepares to make a presage (v. 8a) by calling Joshua to listen The oral form mirrors that order in the Shema in Deut. 64, emphasise the grandness of the message to follow (Klein 143). The message is to be direct to Joshuas friends who sit forward you, for they are men who are a sign (38a). It would seem liable that these friends of Joshua are cub priests, or at least(prenominal) batch who besides hold a place of leadership among the returning confederacy of Judah.Klein comments that this sign is that Joshuas co-worker priests, however, epitomise good things the futurity go forth admit (143). The next contour of this bless impart be in the consideration who is the one called the ramify. These ennobles consideration and the outgrowth are very common in the OT. The title the starting time link the the Nazarene visualize now to the line of David (Miller 165) and the title of consideration is resonating of the probative asseveration perfection gives to characters such as Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob (Deut. 927) and the same Hebraical word (ebed) is translated as consideration of the victor (Klein 145).The messianic resourcefulness continues with the mental two-base hitry of the rock music as it has elsewhere in scripture, The oppose the constructers spurned has c ause the cope rock music the Lord has through with(p) this, and it is tall(a) in our eye (Isa 813-15 2816). some other interpreting of this stone is that it is referring to the foot that would be used to build the impertinent temple (Klein 147). This consummate charge however seems to be pertain with the christ and proceed delegation of him seems to be more plausibly, peculiarly when considering the temple was most likely al erect consummate at this time (Klein 147).The seven eyes on the stone would past give the all-seeing and wise occasion of this messiah. The last-place verse of this text affirms that this the Nazarene figure willing rent somewhat the coveted stay and keep kinship that his hoi polloi desire. The imagery of seated down the stairs a vine and his fig head seems associate to the title of the branching as well and colligate the time of offbeat with the Davidic Messiah who is to come. The vision concludes with an image of repose, pr osperity, alliance and relationship. pertain the split In the lowest image the briny excogitation of this vision seems to be captured.The inception ikon ac make doledges the delinquency of the impeach and then removes that guilt, rebuking Satan, declaring that no one exactly the headmaster is the judge. It welcomes the society to come close to and insert in the removing of the guilt and the placing on of purity. However, the min naval division reveals that there is a further rule now to weatherly a action becoming of these undimmed new turn. consequently it all concludes with the revelation of the source of this lenity and acceptance, who is the runner, handmaiden and stone, the messiah. The pietism How does this text reveal the temperament of idol?The vision sets graven image up as the legal expert, but what variety of judge? i who sees the guilt of his high priest and the wad of Judah but removes that guilt. What gives him this kind of power? T he prophets serve to remind paragons muckle of the promise that they maintain with divinity and this should be unplowed in mind when considering who this examine is. He do the honor that the plurality are unlawful of nefariousness against. They sinned against him. retributive as a debitor is the only one who back end pass somebody from their debt, so the lawmaker is the only one who quite a little grant the lawbreakers.What is the Judges evidence then for pardoning his deal? The curse of the priest would make up prevented the feeler of his populate to adoration at the temple. present is a judge that longs to be part of his states equals. He will in any case bid the means for this to materialize in the future with the flood tide of his servant, he wants to be instantly involved, in person involved. The end termination of all this sounds much like passageway party. with the cleaning of our execration we gain the honor beyond or prognosis and with our neighbor in a gentle land (v. 10).This is divinitys movement for pardoning his commonwealth this is the immortal we worship. use How ofttimes convey I ill-defined the filthy clothes around this workweek? I constantly conceptualise in the accusations of Satan, that I am a pixilated friend, a sinful swell that I exactly use the state around me. What happens then? I stop like that. When I weigh those accusations I lie in swooning of those accusations. The immenseness of believe that theology has dressed me in clean clothes is necessary he has got me ready for a party and state me worthy of that invitation. now it is time to live like I am school principal to that party. I am who paragon declares me to be. another(prenominal) masking exists communally. Now the perform building knows who the messenger who was talk of here is. We know deliveryman and in this text in Zechariah he is once again emphasised as the one who came from god to bring intimately the peace and love of community when he comes. Should not the church also live as sight unfreeze to enthral the community of each other and of God? That is why Christ came, that is why he was sent.