Definition and Examples of Antanaclasis (Word Play)

Definition and Examples of Antanaclasis (Word Play) Definition Antanaclasis is an explanatory term for aâ type of verbal play in which single word is utilized in two differentiating (and regularly funny) detects a sort ofâ homonymic joke. Otherwise called the bounce back. Antanaclasisâ appears frequently in maxims, for example, If we dont hang together, we will unquestionably hang independently. See Examples and Observationsâ below. Likewise observe: AntistasisAsteismusDiacopeJanus WordLogologyParonomasiaPloceTraductioWord PlayWords at Play: An Introduction to Recreational Linguistics EtymologyFrom the Greek, reflection, twisting, breaking against Models and Observations What's more, theres bars on the corners and bars on the heart.(Tim McGraw, Where The Green Grass Grows)People in a hurry . . . go for Coke.(advertisement for Coca Cola)If you arent terminated with energy, you will be terminated with enthusiasm.(Vince Lombardi) Viola: Save thee, companion, and thy music! Dost thou live by thy tabour?Clown: No, sir, I live by the church.Viola: Art thou a churchman?Clown: No such issue, sir: I do live by the congregation; for I do live at my home, and my home doth remain by the church.(William Shakespeare, Twelfth Night, Act 3, Scene 1)For each lady developing restless about diminishing hair, there are thousands developing it back.(advertisement for Rogaine)At first look, Shirley Polykoffs sloganIf Ive just a single life, let me live it as a blonde!seems like only another case of a shallow and disturbing expository figure of speech (antanaclasis) that presently happens to be elegant among promoting duplicate writers.(Tom Wolfe, The Me Decade and the Thi rd Great Awakening) Passing, tho I see him not, is nearAnd feelings of spite me my eightieth year.Now I would give him all these lastFor one that fifty have run past.Ah! He strikes all things, all alike,But deals: those he won't strike.(Walter Savage Landor, Age) Antanaclasis in Hip HopRarely is it that a solitary explanatory structure can basically characterize the poetics of one MC as well as of a whole faction. Such is the situation with the Diplomats and the non-literal figure of speech of antanaclasis. Antanaclasis is the point at which a solitary word is rehashed on numerous occasions, however each time with an alternate importance. For the Diplomats, the notoriety of it likely started with Camron, the main individual from Dipset, who began his profession rapping close by Mase. Consider the accompanying lines off one of his blend tape discharges: I flip China White,/my dishes white china/from China. Playing with only two words, he renders them in a few unmistakable stages. China white is a specifi c assortment of heroin. White china is a nonexclusive term for dishware, and he at that point proceeds to indicate that his dishware really is from China. What may seem like rubbish or redundancy for sound alone before long uncovers itself as an expository figure in action.(Adam Bradley, Book of Rhymes: The Poetics of Hip Hop. BasicCivitas, 2009) From Antanaclasis to AposiopesisHem! again said the frugal Roland, with a slight affectation of the insect temples. It might be close to nothing, Maamsisterjust as a butchers shop might be close to Northumberland House, yet there is a tremendous arrangement among nothing and that next neighbor you have given it.This discourse was so similar to one of my fathersso guileless an impersonation of that inconspicuous reasoners utilization of the expository figure called Antanaclasis (or redundancy of similar words from an alternate point of view), that I giggled and my mom grinned. Be that as it may, she grinned respectfully, not thinking about the Antanaclasis, as, laying her hand on Rolands arm, she answered in the yet progressively considerable hyperbole called Epiphonema (or outcry), Yet, with all your economy, you would have had usTut! cried my uncle, repelling the Epiphonema with an excellent Aposiopesis (or severing), tut! on the off chance that you had done what I wished, I ought t o have had more delight for my money!My poor moms expository ordnance provided no weapon to meet that cunning Aposiopesis, so she dropped the manner of speaking out and out, and went on with that unadorned expert articulation regular to her, as to other incredible budgetary reformers.(Edward Bulwer Lytton, The Caxtons: A Family Picture, 1849) Genuine Word PlayThe present day reasonableness favors the mechanics of an expository impact to be avoided see; anything which bears a resemblance to contraption or ingenuity, any development which leaves the framework set up, is respected with some doubt. . . . As such, the more evident the play on words to the peruser (paying little heed to what accomplishments of resourcefulness went into its creation), the less joy there is to be gotten from it. This is maybe why antanaclasis, the figure wherein a word happens and is then rehashed from an alternate point of view, has never been restored . . .; the reiteration hails the impacts, and it conceals from being shrewd into being astute smart. This hasnt consistently been the situation. In the Renaissance, conspicuousness was no obstacle to happiness: an incredible inverse, in fact.(Sophie Read, Puns: Serious Wordplay. Renaissance Figures of Speech, ed. by Sylvia Adamson et al,. Cambridge University Press, 2008) Elocution: a tan-ACK-la-sister

Best Topics For A Christian To Write An Argumentative Essay

Best Topics For A Christian To Write An Argumentative EssayThe best topics for a Christian to write an argumentative essay on vary from topic to topic. It is important to find topics that you think are best for you and your writing ability. If you have done your research, you will know what topics are best for you. However, if you are not familiar with a topic or something that you would like to write about, you should do some research and find out whether it is best for you.To start with, there is the most popular topic for Christians to write an argumentative essay on, which is their faith. If you want to write an argumentative essay on your faith, you should find out what is in it for you. Some people choose to write about how their beliefs about God have changed or how they are moving closer to them now.Another topic that many college students choose to write about is political issues. They find that they can make arguments with God through the political statements of politicians . Therefore, if you are writing an argumentative essay on political issues, you should find a topic that you are interested in and one that will interest others.Another popular topic for Christians to write an argumentative essay on is being raised in a church. You should find out what is in it for you. This topic can be interesting because of the group of people you will be talking to and the information you get about the people in your church. You should also make sure that the information you get about church is interesting.If you do not find a topic that you like, you can always make up a topic. You will need to know how to make a topic from scratch, so you will need to do some research and find out about making a topic for yourself. You will need to take time to think about what topics are best for you, as well as other things.Do not be afraid to write a topic about a particular issue. You should not shy away from a topic that you find interesting. By writing an argumentative e ssay on a topic, you will gain more knowledge about the topic you are writing about.Most topics for a Christian to write an argumentative essay on will require you to do research. You should not be afraid to research your topic. It is important to know what to research and what is not something you should write about. You should have enough information to give your readers a good read.Finally, you should write an argumentative essay because you love the subject. You should not feel pressured to write an argumentative essay. It is important to have fun while writing an argumentative essay because you can enjoy the process more.

Merchant Of Venice And Shylockes Essays - William Shakespeare

Trader Of Venice And Shylockes In the play the Merchant of Venice by William Shakespeare, the character Shylocks depiction changes a lot. This keeps an eye on picture goes from that of a pitiless what's more, insidious homicide to a forlorn and vulnerable bum of kindness. These conditions bring up the issue of what sort of man Shylock genuinely is, and whether the peruser should have sympathy for him. There is no uncertainty that Shylock is a man with shortcomings, however there is proof to recommend that his aims however pitiless and relentless are the consequence of long stretches of crooked incitement with respect to Antonio. Shylock uncovers an extremely clouded side of himself once he shows Antonio at his benevolence. Outside of any relevant connection to the issue at hand, Shylocks activities would be seen by a great many people to be brutally unmerciful. Shylock rejects double the bond which is owed to him by Antonio, and after observing his assurance to have Antonios life, the Duke approaches him How shalt thou trust in kindness, rendering none? (IV,I, 88) Shylocks reaction to this is What judgment will I dread, doing no off-base?. (IV, I, 89) In this he is obviously saying that he accepts his activities to be totally defended. So as to make a sensible contention on Shylocks sake, a peruser must consider this to be as more than the basic assortment of an obligation. There is a severe past and a background marked by issues between Shylock and Antonio. A portion of these issues become obvious to the peruser when Shylock states to the peruser: How like a groveling publican he looks! I abhor him for he is a Christian,But more for that in low straightforwardness He loans out cash free and cuts down the pace of usance here with us in Venice.If I get him once upon the hip, I will take care of the fat that antiquated resentment I bear him. He detests our hallowed country, and he rails, Even there where traders most assemble, on me, my deals, and my all around won-frugality. Which he calls intrigue. Reviled be my tribeIf I pardon him! (I,III,38-49) at the end of the day he is blaming Antonio for being a horrible enemy of Semite whose training of crediting premium free cash is a extraordinary danger to his job. This statement demonstrates that Shylocks thought processes against Antonio stem both from a longing to increase individual retribution also as retribution for the treacheries of Christians endured by the Jewish individuals. Plainly Antonio and Shylocks relationship isn't on the best of terms when Antonio comes to Shylock with a solicitation for an advance of 3,000 ducats. In reaction to this solicitation, Shylock answers: You call me doubter, merciless dog,And spit upon my Jewish gaberdine, And just for utilization of that which is mine own. Well at that point, it currently shows up you need my assistance. (I,III,109-112)He goes on to state: Fair sir, you spit on me on Wednesday last , You scorned me on such a day, some other time You call me hound, and for these cordialities Ill loan you consequently much cash? (I,III,124-127) One would imagine that Shylock is at this point ready to look past these embarrassing demonstrations that Antonio had submitted against him, and is willing to loaned him some assistance in his time out of luck, yet instead of acknowledge this assistance as a liberal contribution, Antonio replies:I am as like to call thee so once more, To spit on thee once more, to reject thee once more. On the off chance that thou shrink loan this cash, loan it not As to thy companions, for when did fellowship take A variety for desolate metal of his friend?But it rather to thine adversary, Who if he break, thou mayest with better face Exact the punishment. This is a reasonable instance of incitement. Antonio knows precisely the hazard he is taking, and rather than endeavor to cultivate any sort of harmony with Shylock, he grasps loathe and urges Shylock to do likewise. Under these conditions it would take a exceptionally devout man to offer Antonio benevolence. Shylocks powerlessness to discover this leniency for Antonio gets trivial. Subsequently Shylock turns into a man whom the crowd identifies with toward the finish of the play.

What Are the 4 Most Abundant Gases in Earths Atmosphere

The most abundant gases in Earths atmosphere  depend on the region of the atmosphere and other factors. Since the chemical composition of the atmosphere depends on temperature, altitude, and proximity to water. Usually, the 4 most abundant gases are: Nitrogen (N2) -  Ã‚  78.084%Oxygen (O2) -  20.9476%Argon (Ar) - 0.934%Carbon dioxide (CO2)  0.0314% However, water vapor can also be one of the most abundant gases! The maximum amount of water vapor air can hold is 4%, so water vapor could be number 3 or 4 on this list. On average, the amount of water vapor is 0.25% of the atmosphere, by mass (4th most abundant gas). Warm air holds more water than cool air. On a much smaller scale, near the surface forests, the amount of oxygen and carbon dioxide can vary slightly from day to night. Gases in the Upper Atmosphere While the atmosphere near the surface has a fairly homogeneous chemical composition, the abundance of gases changes at higher altitudes. The lower level is called the homosphere. Above it is the heterosphere or exosphere. This region consists of layers or shells of gases. The lowest level consists mainly of  molecular nitrogen (N2). Above it, there is a layer of atomic oxygen (O). At an even higher altitude, helium atoms (He) are the most abundant element. Beyond this point,  helium bleeds off into space. The outermost layer consists of hydrogen atoms (H). Particles surround the Earth even further out (ionosphere), but the outer layers are charged particles, not gases. The thickness and composition of the layers of the exosphere change depending on solar radiation (day and night and solar activity).

Essay on The American Fast Food Industry - 1420 Words

The fast food industry in America has many drawbacks at the cost of supplying food to the American population. Since many people are ignorant of the process their food goes through in order to become the edible meal they consume, American companies easily take advantage of them. In class, we discussed a â€Å"Food Bill of Rights†. I believe that this is necessary in order to keep the food industry safe for the American public and environment. The main focus of my â€Å"Food Bill of Rights† is to ensure the fast food industry has the American population’s best interest in mind when producing their food. Whenever we buy a product, we’re relying on both the company being honest with us about its contents as well as government regulations that do†¦show more content†¦The USDA recently issued a warning about Foster Farms, an American West Coast poultry company. They said they had found traces of salmonella in three of the chicken plants owned by Foster Farms. Foster Farms did issue an apology but they did not recall their products. People are continuously getting sick with over 500 illnesses to date. The USDA has not pushed for a recall either because they lack the authority to ban salmonella on chicken. They said the salmonella was growing â€Å"naturally† on healthy chickens and all the public had to do was cook the poultry thoroughly in order for it to be safe to eat (Desk). I believe chicken farms like this should be illegal. There is definitely a way to get rid of infected poultry and it’s an investment the USDA should make for research and development in the safety of American food. People really underestimate the effects unhealthy food has on them. There are many reasons people don’t look into the food they consume on a daily basis. The main factors people look for with their food is convenience, price, and taste. Unfortunately these accommodations come at the cost of the sanitary conditions of their f ood. The hardest concept people seem to understand is â€Å"pay now and later†. This means that you are paying for your food with money now, and paying with your health later. Most of the fast food restaurants in America today don’t have immediate health risksShow MoreRelatedStrategy And Innovation : American Fast Food Industry3846 Words   |  16 PagesAND INNOVATION AMERICAN FAST FOOD INDUSTRY Submitted by, SHINEY ELIZABETH GNANAKKAN INTRODUCTION Over the past 3 decades, Fast food has pervaded every nook and corner of the US community. An industry that just began its journey with a very few number of fast food items like hot dogs and hamburgers has now escalated to reach every niche of the country selling a diverse range of food to people of all the category. Though the principle of fast food- serving filling and tasty food at an affordableRead MoreFast Food Nation1487 Words   |  6 PagesChanging of the Food Industry â€Å"In many respects, the fast food industry embodies the best and worst of American capitalism at the start of the twenty-first century – its constant stream of new products and innovations, its widening gulf between gulf between rich and poor† (Schlosser 6). In 2001 Eric Schlosser published â€Å"Fast Food Nation.† Eric Schlosser’s early 21st century muckraking text, â€Å"Fast Food Nation,† attempts to shed light on the consequences of the fast food industry on American society. TheRead MoreEric Schlossers Fast Food Nation: The Dark Side of the All-American Meal848 Words   |  4 Pages   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the book Fast Food Nation, Eric Schlosser writes about the fast food industry. However, his book is not merely an expose of the fast food industry but is even more a consideration of how the fast food industry has shaped and defined American society in America and for other nations as America exports its fast food culture to others. Schlosser describes a great deal of American culture to the fast food mentality, and he finds that globalization is taking the fast food culture around theRead MoreFast Food Nation By Eric Schlosser1596 Words   |  7 Pagescheap food and cheap goods are scattered across the nation in every state and town. This is Eric Schlosser’s main topic in his novel Fast Food Nation. From telling the start of the first fast food restaurants in America, to explaining how the food is made, Schlosser s covers the whole history of the world wide food phenomenon. Eric Schlosser is an American journalist and Author of Fast Food Nation. He was born in Manhattan, New York, but grew up in Los Angeles, California. He studied American historyRead MoreReview of Eric Schlossers Fast Food Nation780 Words   |  3 PagesFast food nation We live in a world that is in a continuous process of transformation, considering that progress manages to control all the aspects of individuals life. Being part of a society which is always changing makes it essential for people have to adapt to all these aspects. One of the biggest problems for the American society is that it has no time to eat, since it is always on the run. Fast food came as the greatest solution for this problem. Since the process of modernization of theRead MoreEssay on Challenging Beliefs in Schlossers Fast Food Nation544 Words   |  3 PagesIn his thought-provoking book, Fast Food Nation, Eric Schlosser argues that Americas fast food franchises have played a major role in contributing to the obesity and ill health of Americans. This paper shows how Schlosser argues that fast food has contributed to uncontrolled development, negatively impacted American culture, and have had a largely negative impact. The effects of Fast Food Nation on American society and politics show that Schlossers thesis is largely convincing, due to both hisRead MoreDon t Blame The Eater Essay1007 Words   |  5 Pagesthat fast-food industry should accept full responsibility for a serious public problem: leading American kids to obesity. Zinczenko supports his claim with his personal experience to show how the fast-food chains marketing on them with low price. He also said it is not easy for those obese kids to turn their lives back. He believes this should be considered as a public health problem because their obesity causes the society huge public health losses. Zinczenko insists that if fast-food industry doesn’tRead MoreThe Impact Of Nutrition Information On Advertisement Of Fast Food Chains Essay1313 Words   |  6 Pagesadvertisement of fast food chains The fast food industry in the U.S. has rapidly expanded in the past few decades (Hwang, 2013). In 2014, the industry has created a 3% current value growth, indicating its robust and continued ability in the U.S. market overall (Euromonitor, 2015). This strong increase has largely changed Americans’ lifestyle and eating habits; the amount of money they spend on fast food is more than that on education, readings and videos (Schlosser, 1998). Moreover, the fast food chains spentRead MoreFast Food Nation Chapter One1009 Words   |  5 PagesFast Food Nation Ch.1 Fast Food Nation: The Darker Side of the All-American Meal is very interesting and stimulating. The author, Eric Schlosser, makes excellent points in all his chapters, for example in the epilogue he describes how we can make a difference and that is by not buying fast food and by going somewhere else to eat. Also is chapter ten, he explains how the fast food industry is like a circus. However, not every chapter is as critical for people to read as chapter one. Chapter oneRead MoreFast Food Is Responsible For The Biggest Legacy Of Food Industry997 Words   |  4 PagesGolden Arches Fast food is the term given to food that is prepared and served very quickly, first popularized in the 1950s in the United States. The â€Å"fast food† term refers to food sold in a restaurant or store with preheated or precooked ingredients, and served to the customer in a packaged form for take-out/take-away. Once you take your first bite you only find yourself coming back for more. Fast food is responsible for the biggest legacy in food industry, plays the biggest role in our economy

What Is Human Resource PlanningIdentify Its Objectives in...

IS A process by which an organisation ensures that it has the right number kind of people at the right place and at the right time, capable of effectively and efficiently completing those tasks that help the organisation achieve its overall objectives.. ADVANTAGES OF HR PLANNING Importance of HR PLANNING †¢ 1) Each Organisation needs personnel with necessary qualifications, skills, knowledge, experience aptitude . †¢ 2) Need for Replacement of Personnel - Replacing old, retired or disabled personnel. †¢ 3) Meet manpower shortages due to labour turnover †¢ 4) Meet needs of expansion / downsizing programmes †¢ 5) Cater to Future Personnel Needs †¢ 6) Nature of present workforce in relation with†¦show more content†¦These sources must consider not only the nature and conditions of the external labor market, but also the presence of qualified personnel who are available to fill vacancies through internal promotions or transfers. Keep in mind the recruitment activities is integrated with diversity and equal employment opportunity initiatives. Staffing needs must be anticipated sufficiently in advance to permit the recruitment and development of fully qualified personnel. Anticipating manpower problems by projectingï€ ªÃ¯â‚¬ ª present resources into the future and comparing them with the forecast of requirements to determine their adequacy, both quantitatively and qualitatively; Planning the necessary programmes of requirement,ï€ ªÃ¯â‚¬ ª selection, training, development, utilization, transfer, promotion, motivation and compensation to ensure that future manpower requirements are properly met. **It’s a systematic approach. because it ensures a continuous and proper staffing. It avoids or checks on occupational imbalances (shortage or surplus) occurring in any of the department of the organization. **There is a visible continuity in the process. **There is a certain degree of flexibility. That is, it is subject to modifications according to needs of the organization or the changing circumstances. Manpower plans can be done at micro or the macro levels depending upon various environmental factors. â€Å" HRP is aShow MoreRelatedHuman Resource Planning : An Important Area Of The Organisation1241 Words   |  5 Pages Strategic human resource management Assignment 2 Name: Muhammad Zakaullah khan Completed: 30/08/15 Student id number: 144014 Lecturer’s name: DAVID Greenshields Human resource planning is an important area of the organisation which deals with all primary activities and its identifies the current and future needs of organisation. It includes hiring, firing, managing, training, developing and rewarding people within the organisation. 2.1: Analyse the business factorsRead MoreArik Air Hr Problem : The Employment Problem Essay1032 Words   |  5 Pagesresentment, laxity at their job performance and even aggressive industrial action. As such, management will be motivated to resolve such issues and avoid creating a toxic environment. Unfortunately for the company, this can only be accomplished by paying the other employees similarly high rates, therefore effectively pushing their personnel expenditure even higher (Chen Flashel, 2005). To compound the human resource situation at Arik, at least 10 percent of the staff is made up of expatriates, who couldRead MoreHr Planning1615 Words   |  7 PagesIMPORTANCE OF Human ResourceS PLANNING IN ORGANIZATIONS by Nyamupachari Vareta HUMAN RESOURCES ASSISTANT. DIP PM; HND DIP HRM; DIP TM (IPMZ. BRAZZAVILLE, CONGO E-MAIL: VARETAN@YAHOO.COM InTroduction Planning is very important to our everyday activities. Several definitions have been given by different writers what planning is all about and its importance to achieving our objectives. It is amazing that this important part of HR is mostly ignored in HR in most organizations because thoseRead Morecmi unit 50041359 Words   |  6 PagesUnit 5004 - Resource management  Introduction This unit is about being able to identify the different types of resources available to managers, select and plan for their use, and monitor and review their effectiveness in the pursuit of organisational objectives. Scenario Learners may use their own employment context, or that of another organisation with which they are very familiar, to base their assignment. However, in the case that they are not able to do so, please use the below scenario- IfRead MoreHuman Resource Management and Strategic Human Resource Management1136 Words   |  5 PagesManaging Human Resources, 3rd edn, John Wiley Sons, Mil ton, Qld. In chapter 1 of the text, the author shows an overview of human resource management and strategic human resource management. The author also shows the relationship between HRM and management, manager’s role meaning of strategy, strategic approach to HRM and strategic challenges. Lots of diagrams and explanations are used by the author. This chapter has contributed to my understanding of strategic human resource management by analysingRead MoreExplain Why Human Resources Planning Is Important to an Organisation1050 Words   |  5 PagesM1 - Explain why human resources planning is important to an organisation. Human Resource management can be defined as a management of organisation workforce. It is responsible for recruitment and selection, induction and training, promotion and transfers, human resources and manpower planning, rewards and conditions of employment and appraisals and termination of employment. HRM is also a strategic and comprehensive approach to managing people and the workplace culture and environment. EffectiveRead MoreDeveloping A Human Resource Strategy For Effective Job Performance829 Words   |  4 Pagessingle approach to developing a human resource strategy for effective job performance. As a matter of fact, the specific approach will vary from organization to organization. Even so, the literature reviewed so far and a consideration of the organizational culture that pertains in the National Commission for Civic Education makes the model presented below an excellent approach. This conceptual model identifies six specific steps in developing an effective human resou rce strategy: a) Setting the strategicRead MoreA Business Life Cycle Of Assessing, Planning, And Acting The Data From The Assessment Phase1383 Words   |  6 Pagesof assessing, planning, and acting the data from the assessment phase is key to the success of other two phases. As the business cycles between planning and acting the results of activity need to be analyzed and incorporated into the adjustment of plans. During the assessment phase business leaders place an emphasis on measured business performance analysis to inform the planning phase (or the highest level of planning, strategy development). The empirical data derived from objective assessments andRead MoreEffective Human Resource Planning.1310 Words   |  6 PagesThe key to effective human resource management is human resource planning 1.0 Introduction Human Resources (HR) Management is a multifaceted function. This entity has an important place within companies in helping key personnel decide on the best staff for their needs, among other things. Sometimes, the employees chosen are full-time employees already working for the company or they could be contractors. Regardless, the goal of HR Management is to choose the most qualified person for the job. Read MoreHuman Resource Activities and Strategies1599 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract: Nowadays, human resource management strategies became an essential part in an organization. Just like other strategies as marketing strategies or manufacturing strategies, human resource management strategies is functional strategies and they guide the actions to be taken within a specific function. For example, some HR activities like recruitment, selection training and development are guided by an organization’s HRM strategies. In any organization, functional strategies aim to support

Engineering Practices-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: Research on the development of electric vehicles that can become dream vehicles based on the Australian Context. Answer: Introduction The topic researches on the development of electric vehicles that can become dream vehicles based on the Australian context. The textbook presented by James Trevelyan named The making of an expert engineer has been considered here for managing this research and ensure finding out whether the electric vehicle can be a success in the future or not. From this research, I will be able to learn about the various engineering practices and with the advancement in technology nowadays, the electric cars to what extent can make a good place within the automobile industry (Brown, Campbell and Crook 2014). Discussion 3a What ? - As the topic revolves around the emergence of electric vehicles in Australia from the Australian context, it has been understood that change is evitable and it can bring major benefits to the organisation and the economy of the country too. From the Australian engineering practice, I have come up with new ideas of engineering related to the manufacturing and production of electric vehicles. It is quite relevant and appropriate for me because it has not only enhanced my technical skills but also has allowed me to gain knowledge about how can an electric vehicle be successful in the future (Di Giorgio, Liberati and Canale 2014). So What ? I have also learnt that the electric vehicles are made by following innovative and effective engineering practices to make sure that the cars are powered by an electric motor rather than by using internal combustion engine. I have combined all the engineering work by managing proper designs of vehicles, calculations and used by technical skills to improve the efficiency of the electric motor so that it can be used in the vehicles to ensure functionality (Eastman 2012). 3b What else ? - From the Australian engineering practices, my skills and expertise further improved because I obtained important data and information regarding the use of power sources, cost analysis and the use of an electric motor as a replacement to internal combustion engine (Marino et al. 2013). The use of electric vehicles can lead to the reduction of pollution and maintain environmental sustainability in various places of Australia (Chen et al. 2014). Tesla, Nissan, Renault, Mitsubishi are few of the companies in Australia which have brought electric cars not only to reduce the level of pollution but also to bring out something new through sustainable practices to satisfy the needs and requirements of customers. What now ? - While being a part of the course, I managed to conduct detailed research on few engineering aspects which I had earlier studied. This has enhanced my thinking abilities and helped me to learn something new and innovative, which can allow me to progress in my career with ease as well as ensure that the production of electric vehicles can be successful in the future (Garca et al. 2013). I am currently working with team members on a project concerned with the development of electric motors for running the vehicles. 3c The electric vehicles will be the focus of all of us to create an electric motor that can fulfill the criteria of green engineering as well as achieve the goals and objectives of the project. The new things learned by me would help me to progress in my professional career and become a part of a major automobile company with ease as well. From the textbook, my industrial skills improved and this enabled me to understand that electric cars do not have any tail pipe emissions though the cost of travelling in this vehicle is considerably low. Though the consideration of cost is a major benefit, still electric vehicles take a lot of time to recharge, and the distance that may be covered by these vehicles are low when compared with the gasoline used vehicles (Laguador and Dotong 2014). I have promoted communication and considered the feedbacks and responses of each of the team members for enhancing the efficiency of decision making and manage the project efficiently. These are the values m aintained by me to create good working conditions and improve the working conditions and atmosphere. Example 4 a I have been working on the project of Australian engineering practices to develop an effective electric motor that can be used for running the vehicles. As it is an entirely new project, it is important to communicate the various information related to the engineering practices and make sure that proper communication is maintained all throughout the project management. The project on which I have been working on has enhanced my technical skills and even my ability to communicate with the other project team members (Shuai et al. 2014). From my perspective, I understood that sustainability is an important concept of the engineering, which can help in making the new vehicles run with less energy and resources. The resources would be used sustainability, which could further result in creating a less negative impact on the environment and improve the ability of future generations to fulfill their own needs and preferences with ease and effectiveness. By maintaining sustainability in engin eering practices, it will be easy to reduce the wastes, management materials with ease, prevent pollution largely and enhance the efficiency of the product too (Brown, Campbell and Crook 2014). 5a By undertaking the project, I have learned about the various sustainability policies and practices along with the broad range of benefits that have been drawn such as reduced costs of operations, decrease in the number of complaints from customers and increase the market value for the innovative cars in Australia (Chen et al. 2014). I have maintained values and ethics within the team to prevent any discrimination or conflicts and ensure that a good culture and working conditions are created. One of the major problem faced by me was the poor performance of a team member, which deteriorated the entire workforce efficiency. It is my responsibility to ensure that proper team management is done and communication is promoted for developing a team where all the team members have equal skills and knowledge to work on the project in coordination and as a team (Di Giorgio, Liberati and Canale 2014). I will try my level best to communicate the findings and objectives that are needed to be achieved by the team. Communication should be done through email conversations, face to face meetings, etc. that can not only reduce chances of misunderstanding but will also lead to better maintenance of values and ethics while working n the project (Eastman 2012). Conclusion The report presents us with the idea of various engineering practices that are managed in Australia to develop new and innovative electric vehicles. From the report, I have obtained knowledge and information about the various engineering practices, and these are essential for developing an electric motor that can run the vehicles with the utilisation of less energy and resources. The discussion portion showed the various aspects of Australian engineering practices and how these had been applied for the development of electric cars. Though the introduction of electric cars was considered as a major revolution, still regarding competence and reliability, the electric vehicles lacked certain benefits that could be gained by the internal combustion engine vehicles. Thus based on the cost effectiveness, reliability and power sources, it could be understood that the electric vehicles might be used as an alternative to fuel combusted engines after a long time in the future, but presently, i t does not adjust to the requirements of people in the present days. References Brown, D.A., Campbell, K.S.W. and Crook, K.A., 2014.The Geological Evolution of Australia New Zealand: Pergamon International Library of Science, Technology, Engineering and Social Studies. Elsevier. Chen, X., Shen, W., Cao, Z. and Kapoor, A., 2014. A novel approach for state of charge estimation based on adaptive switching gain sliding mode observer in electric vehicles.Journal of Power Sources,246, pp.667-678. Di Giorgio, A., Liberati, F. and Canale, S., 2014. Electric vehicles charging control in a smart grid: A model predictive control approach.Control Engineering Practice,22, pp.147-162. Eastman, C.M. ed., 2012.Design for X: concurrent engineering imperatives. Springer Science Business Media. Garca, P., Torreglosa, J.P., Fernndez, L.M. and Jurado, F., 2013. Control strategies for high-power electric vehicles powered by hydrogen fuel cell, battery and supercapacitor.Expert Systems with Applications,40(12), pp.4791-4804. Laguador, J.M. and Dotong, C.I., 2014. Knowledge versus Practice on the Outcomes-Based Education Implementation of the Engineering Faculty Members in LPU.International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development,3(1), pp.63-74. Marino, R., Scalzi, S., Tomei, P. and Verrelli, C.M., 2013. Fault-tolerant cruise control of electric vehicles with induction motors.Control Engineering Practice,21(6), pp.860-869. Shuai, Z., Zhang, H., Wang, J., Li, J. and Ouyang, M., 2014. Lateral motion control for four-wheel-independent-drive electric vehicles using optimal torque allocation and dynamic message priority scheduling.Control Engineering Practice,24, pp.55-66.

Stranger Essays - Absurdist Fiction, The Stranger, Meursault

Stranger The way a person reacts to ordinary situations determines the opinions of others based on their behavior. Yet, when this behavior is abnormal or different from the rest of society, it causes society to form an opinion based totally on a person's behavior not their true personality. In Meursault's case, his strange opinions and unexpected remarks put him in this position, without ever really giving him an opportunity to be truly understood. However, Meursault cannot change his actions and behaviors from the past, therefore making him responsible in the society he freely chooses to live in. Meursault's complete indifference to society and human relationships causes him to appear as the actual "stranger" with those he encounters, which eventually leads to his incarceration and inevitable date with the guillotine. Meursault is definitely a man who is set in his ways. He has his own opinions and outlooks on life and because of that fact he is constantly reminded of his inadequacies within society. His refusal to look at his mother one last time after she had passed away seemed pointless to Meursault at the time, where as the funeral director viewed this as extremely odd: "We put the cover on, but I'm supposed to unscrew the casket so you can see her." He was moving toward the casket when I stopped him. He said, "You don't want to?" I answered, "No." He was quiet, and then I was embarrassed because I felt I shouldn't have said that. He looked at me and then asked, "Why not?" but without criticizing, as if he just wanted to know. I said, "I don't know." (Camus 6) The difference of opinion between Meursault and all of society, but in this example the funeral director, brought about a feeling of inadequacy to Meursault and an appearance of him as a stranger to society. Alice J. Strange explains his situation perfectly by saying: Holding Meursault to his words, and recognizing the voids they reveal, the reader sees Meursault as the stranger.... (Strange 3) Throughout the novel, these encounters and/or relationships gradually set Meursault aside from society. His encounter with the Arab shows how the presence of other people in his life makes absolutely no impression on him. Taking the Arab's life was something he did as a natural reaction, he pulled the trigger thinking it was justified where as any normal human being would think other wise. Once on trial, Meursault constantly observed the people in the courtroom as if he had no idea of how the rest of society lived. Every thing he saw was new to him and it brought him a feeling of excitement, as if he was enjoying being on trial. Fear only came after his verdict. He didn't even consider his fate early on in the trial because he was in awe of the rest of society; their behaviors and actions were all new to him. In chapter three part two Meursault explained this by saying: Usually people didn't pay much attention to me. It took some doing on my part to understand that I was the cause of all the excitement. I said to the policeman, "Some crowd!" He told me it was because of the press and he pointed to a group of men at a table just below the jury box. He said, "That's them." (83-84) The only thing Meursault is worried about is the press, not the fact that his fate is about to be determined by a group of people that don't even know him. He doesn't even care about death at this point, only how he is excited to see all these new people and be able to watch the court proceedings. Before Meursault's incarceration, he lived a life of desire based on his own satisfaction. His life was completely self-centered and focused on his own physical pleasures. Meursault's obsession with his own desires can be explained by saying that: His contempt for man-made necessities', such as religion, morality, government, is supreme; but his attitude toward natural coercion, hunger, sex, the weather, etc., though less explicit, seems almost equally disdainful. Meursault is a non-participant (Carruth 8-9). He took absolutely no consideration of other's feelings and how his actions affected them. Meursault's love of smoking, eating, drinking, having sex, swimming and being outside, all of which are physical pleasures, are taken to extremes. Take away these and try to imagine what Meursault would be like. He would be practically lifeless because he wouldn't enjoy anything. He is never concerned with what is going on in

Virtues Essay Example

Virtues Essay Example Virtues Essay Virtues Essay Virtues Almost all virtues are lived in the life of Dorothy Day. Two virtues that are very important in our life and the life of Dorothy Day are compassion and respect for persons. These are two very important virtues but many other virtues can be tied into these two for example justice is a lot alike the respect for person. Dorothy Day is a perfect example of every aspect of virtues. She was some one who was not a member of the Catholic Church but became one. She became a devout member of the church and lived all the virtues to her best. She saw the way virtues should be lived out and she observed the complete opposite of the virtues. Two main moral virtues that are lived now and in Dorothy Day?s life are respect for persons and compassion. One virtue that is very important and is related to many other virtues is the respect for persons. The definition of the respect for persons is to recognize and honor the essential goodness of each person. (Morality) This virtue is often related to the virtue justice. Respect for persons is just virtues, respect, people, persons, important, two, person, one, must, lived, life, dorothy, way, virtue, very, useful, morality, look, justice, day, vision, related, point, need, member, means, main, just, god?s, god, example, considered, compassion, church, christian

Your task is to compose your own review of book called Unbroken by Essay

Your task is to compose your own review of book called Unbroken by Laura Hillenbrand - Essay Example legendary soldier Odysseus of the ancient Greece, and the trials and challenges he faced are compared to Homer’s Odyssey, and even more intense and agonizing in nature. The author applauds the brave man, whose courage never wavered at the face of hardships during his captivity under the Japanese cruelties, as the Japanese personnel left no stone unturned to torture the POWs belonging to the USA in order to prove their hatred and abhorrence for the Americans. It was the time when the hostility and revulsion between both the countries was at its peak; consequently, the Japanese corps inflicted every type of atrocities on the American prisoners in order to take revenge of the losses Japan had suffered in men and material (129). Since Zamperini had refused to yield before the atrocious Japanese, the author calls her as the â€Å"unbroken one†, who can neither be bent, nor could be overcome by the enemy at any cost (4). Consequently, the struggle made by this legendary soldi er, fills the hearts of the readers with feelings of loyalty and patriotism, and urges them to render services for the great name and fame of their motherland without surrendering before the mountains of hardships as well as series of difficulties on their way. The book reveals the perturbed state of affairs the world was undergoing in the aftermath of the UK’s declaration of war against Germany, which left indelible imprints of death, destruction, chaos and turmoil for the future decades to arrive. Commenced from the central Europe in 1939, the Great War II immediately captured the entire globe in its ugly and awkward fold. The war observed intensity day by day, and German-led Axis Alliance dominated the war. At last, British statesmen had to seek the support from the USA in order to combat with German and Japanese successive triumphs in the battlefields. Consequently, the USA arrived for the rescue of the Allies, and declared war against the Axis Powers in 1941. Instead to calming down the

Discovery and Meaningful Learning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Discovery and Meaningful Learning - Essay Example The sessions of discovery learning incorporate three key ideas including problem solving, learner management, integrating and connecting (Harari & Legge, 2000, p. 20). Problem solving motivates learners to come up with solutions by generalizing knowledge and pull information together. Learner management allows participants, in small teams, or alone to learn at their own pace in their own ways. Integrating and connecting encourage new knowledge integration into the existing knowledge base of the learner, which helps in connecting to the real world. Meaningful Learning According to Harari and Legge (2000), meaningful learning means that learned knowledge, for instance, a fact becomes fully understood by a person and the person knows how the fact relates to the stored facts in the brain. It is expedient to contrast meaningful learning and rote learning, which is much less desirable, for us to understand the concept. Rote learning involves memorizing something with no full understanding, and one does not know how the relationship between the new information and the stored knowledge. For instance, let us say we learn five facts in a course during a term or a semester through rote learning. The five facts learned have a relationship in real life, but they are stored in memory as separate items. The brain stores the facts as distinct unrelated information that can be recalled individually when a student learns them through rote learning. When the student recalls one of the five facts, he, or she does not recall the other four facts at that moment. This means that when the student thinks of fact A, the thought does not lead him/her to think of fact B-E. We can illustrate this as follows. The facts learned seem to have no relationship between them at all, yet close examination reveals a relationship of the facts. Meaningful learning contrasts with rote learning in that what a student learns, even if they are different facts in a course, he/she can relate as the facts ha ve a relational manner in the storage memory. The brain stores the facts together since they have relationship (Harari & Legge, 2000, p. 37). When the student recalls one of the facts, he or she will also recall the other facts at the same time, or a short time afterwards. This means that recalling fact E, triggers the memory for the other facts, B and D, which in turn leads to the recalling of fact A and C. We refer to this phenomenon as spread of activation. This is what entails meaningful learning. A student who learns by meaningful learning can solve problems in an easier way than the one who learns by rote learning. Thus, we find the value of meaningful learning; a way of learning that relates facts helping one to solve problems related rather than treating problems differently, which have a relationship. The figure below shows how meaningful learning happens. Discovery learning makes sure that the brains of the learners become engaged during all learning times. Thus, this lear ning method, although it accelerates the process of education, it leads to higher retention levels than traditional approaches of learning. There are certain benefits of discovery learning including condensed training

Economic development Essay Example for Free

Economic development Essay Population growth Ââ€" some Filipinos believe that it is natural for every married woman to bear a child in their wombs because they are with their husbands. And this are very wrong beliefs since if you will be reasonable enough, you will realize that having a child is always together with great responsibility that has no end. And that you will realize that having more and more children will cause great scarcity in your family such as you would not be able to send your children to school and you would not be able to provide enough foods so that you children will be healthy and do good in school. Population growth is also the reason for a number of malnourish children in the Philippines. 2. Unemployment Ââ€" this is a very common cause of poverty in the Philippines since there are several Filipinos who are unemployed plus the fact that there are many companies that are affected of the global economic crisis. And the least thing that you can do about unemployment is to find a best way on generating money like you can accept laundry services, plumbing services, or electrical repair services if you are skilled enough to do the job. Then, you could start a certain profitable business like food house or a small store that does not require you much capital so that you will not find it hard to save enough money from the services that you are offering. 3. Governance concern Ââ€" one of the main reasons of poverty in the Philippines is the activities of the corrupt government officials. They are using the money of the people to achieve the power and authority that they wanted to have and once they have it they will automatically take advantage of their power to the point that they will neglect the yoke of the people and set aside their promises when they are just campaigning and try to convince the people to vote for them. 4. Agricultural problems Ââ€" this is the natural cause of the poverty in the Philippines that is because of the wrong activities of people. They ruin the treasure of the nature for their own sake without any idea that the nature they are destroying is the main source of almost all the products that exist in this world. Some of the examples of destroying the nature are the irresponsible disposal of wastes and trash, dynamite fishing, illegal logging and more. 5. Disability Ââ€" this is also one of the possible causes of poverty in the Philippines since more and more people nowadays become disabled because of several illnesses and diseases that arise like AH1N1 virus, SARS, dengue, and more. Disability may be also caused by uncontrolled population growth, for instance, you have ten kids in the house, and can you imagine attending to their needs everyday? Well, definitely not so the tendency is that they are prone to accidents that will cause them to be disabled since they are at very young age that are typically playful. RECOMMENDATION The World Bank suggests several solutions to combat poverty in the Philippines. 1. There is a need to have a strong focus on continued economic growth, driven by openness and macroeconomic stability. 2. Increased market access to the poor could be achieved by promoting tenancy, market-based land reform, and investing in essential rural infrastructure and agriculture extension services. 3. The scarcity of housing and threats to environmental health in urban areas could be reduced by promoting urban land reform and extending water and sanitation services. 4. Quality improvements in primary education and access to primary health services such as immunization and the prevention of water-borne and respiratory diseases are needed. 5. Social safety net programs can be rationalized and the targeting improved by strengthening institutional capacity building and eliminating food price subsidies in favor of targeted income subsidies or food stamps. Some of widely accepted principles in the mainstream development community, at the three descending levels of the world as a whole, Asia as a region, and the Philippines specifically. All three share in common placing poverty reduction at the core of development work. Philippines Level: The Arroyo administrations official development agenda focuses specifically on issues of poverty and unemployment. The key document here is the Medium-Term Philippine Development Plan (MTPDP), 2001-2004, which stresses poverty reduction through equitable growth, rural development, and social sector investment. The four primary strategies are: †¢ Macroeconomic stability and equitable growth, using sound fiscal and monetary policies to keep inflation low and avoid surges in unemployment; modernize all sectors through HR development and technology; †¢ Comprehensive HR development, basic education, health, shelter, water, electricity; safety nets for most vulnerable sectors; encouraging poor to participate There are many causes of economic difficulties leading to mass poverty and hunger. One cause could be foreign debts servicing. This means that the Philippines must owe money to the World Bank. More than 60% of the Philippines budget goes to the World Bank. Unequal distribution of land and other resources is another cause that leads to poverty. Out of the whole population, only 20% own and control agricultural lands. Another cause could be under cultivation of agricultural lands. Only 13 million hectares are cultivated. There are about 17 million hectares of land that are not being used. There is a lot of poverty in the Philippines. Some people, called squatters, live near trash mounds and scavenge through the rubble to find materials that they can re-sell. Many are living in extreme poverty and unsanitary conditions. One of the effects this impoverished lifestyle has on them is an extremely short life expectancy. But there are some rays of hope. For one, slow but steady economic improvements are providing jobs in places like call centers. Secondly, charitable organizations like the Philippine Aid Society are growing and working hard to fight poverty. For those who want to do their part to help, consider a financial donation to one of these charities.

Search for argumentative to find opinion essays :: Opinion Essays

Odyssey Essay Being attacked by one eyed monsters, huge storms, a giant sea dragon, and scores of angry men were just a few of the perils Odysseus had to overcome. He did not only overcome them, but he did so in a way that would forever be thought of as heroic. Odysseus, the epic hero of Homer's The Odyssey demonstrates the Greek ideal of leadership, bravery, and devotion to the gods. Odysseus was a great leader and showed his leadership abilities many times, times where his men were ready to give up and accept their fate. With his motivational speeches he turned his men into dangerous fighters who would keep on going hard until they were struck down, eaten, or thrown into the churning seas. One example of this was during Scylla and Charybdis. Odysseus' men were tired and didn't want to proceed, but Odysseus said: "Friends, have we never been in danger before this? More fearsome, is it now, then when we faced Cyclops? Did I not keep my nerve, and use my wits to find a way out?" (P. 708, L. 766) There are also times when all the men are afraid, but here Odysseus shows he's in charge and speaks up when nobody wants to: "We all felt pressure in our hearts, but I spoke up in replyÉ" (P. 689, L. 203) Odysseus gave warnings to help his fellow shipmates and tried to protect them from the wrath of the gods: "Old shipmates, our stores are in the ship's hold, food and drink; the cattle here are not for our provision, or we pay dearly for it." (P. 710, L. 840) Odysseus was not only a great leader, but also a very brave man. There were also many times when Odysseus showed how brave he was. In this next example involving the Cyclops Odysseus shows that he is not the type of leader that sits on safe land while he sends his men in to kill, but a leader who enjoys nothing more than being engaged in battle with his men. "I took my twelve best fighters and went ahead." (P. 687, L. 136) Odysseus also had the heart of a fighter, he would do battle whenever necessary, no matter whom his opponent was, in this case the giant Cyclops:

Inclusion and diversity Essay

Identify the current legislations and codes of practise relevant to the promotion of equality and valuing of diversity The special educational needs code of practise 2001 This outlines the Constitutional guidance for the responsibilities towards children with special educational needs. This will likely be replaced with the children and young families bill 2013 Codes of practise on duty to promote race equality (2002) This code of practise makes sure that all schools have a written race equality policy written up. this policy should include information on practical on how schools will promote race equality. These are the outcome school policies should be aiming for. Reducing the gap in educational achievement between different races Improving behaviour Improving relationships between racial groups Ensure staff are working in a school that reflects cultural equality Admissions policy which does not discriminate Removing barriers to achievement This helps schools remove barriers holding back achievement of children with special educational needs and disabilities This is the government vision on how schools should go about children with special educational needs or a disability. Early intervention Removing barriers Raise achievement Disability equality scheme and access plan This ensures all schools produce a disability scheme. This scheme should say how schools go about promoting equality of opportunities for pupils, staff and others with disabilities the should also be an action plan that explains how barriers are removed. School policies Most schools have a mission statement that says how school set out how they are working on inclusion and equality. There will also be written policies, for the right and responsibilities of those within the school. Policies will provide guidance for staff and visitors on ways to ensure inclusive practise. There are a number of policies, which are: Race/cultural diversity Safeguarding/bullying Special educational needs Disability and access Equality of opportunity/inclusive practise Gifted and talented pupils Polices are made in response to legislation and codes of practise. The way schools promote rights and equality for children and young people should be put in these policies. There is a much greater focus on pupil’s outcomes. Schools need to monitor the strengths and weaknesses in policy. 1.2 Describe the importance of supporting the rights of all children and young people to participation and equality access Schools have a duty to ensure that all pupils have access to an equal curriculum not matter their race, gender, culture, additional needs or disability. Raising achievement Making sure all pupils have equal access to the curriculum will help the personal achievement of children and young people. Studies over a number of years have shown that some groups of children do not reach their expected achievement. The groups of children that haven’t met expectations are children from black and minority ethnic groups or children who are vulnerable due to their economic or physical circumstances. Equal opportunity does just treating all pupils the same but ensuring that the curriculum meets all the need of each individual pupil. Improving participation Participation means making sure everyone is involved. There should be time granted to talk to children and their parents about the curriculum. Schools can achieve participation by having student councils and parent evenings, also by just asking children in the classroom how they think they learn best and what could be improved. Developing sense of identity Allowing children to access all of what is happening the school gives them a sense of belonging. When giving children the chance to participate they then feel valued and that they are making a valid contribution. We should also help children and young people become independent learners. We can do this by letting children have the chances to make there own choices they are more likely to be more motivated towards their learning. This will give the children the feeling of self-worth and well-being. Improving relationships between individuals and groups Policies that promote equality and inclusion can only give out a positive message. Children need to have their rights protected and should also be taught about their responsibilities to others. Respect can be promoted to children and young people through your everyday actions as you set an example for the groups you work with. 1.3 Describe the importance and benefits of valuing and promoting cultural diversity in work with children and young people Culture has many different meanings. Culture can be perceived as nationality and religions. This gives groups of people in society their identity. By understanding and promoting different cultural diversities in school help the pupil gain a better understand of one another. It is important the you know the cultural diversities of the pupils within your school especially the children you work with as you will be able to  make links between their own lives and learning. Being able to understand a pupil’s background culture will be the stepping-stone to building and effective relationship. As culture in society is very diverse today diversity should be reflected in the curriculum othroughout. For example, stories and dramas from a wide range of different cultures this will show that you value other cultures and allow pupils to explore different cultures from their own. 2.1 describe ways in which children and young people can experience prejudice and discrimination Prejudice stems from a lack of knowledge and understanding of diversity. Prejudice is jumping to a conclusion about children or young people because they are in a certain group. For example, if a child was disabled assuming they have a learning difficulty. When people are being prejudice they tend to label children. Labels may be given to a single child or a group of children. Labels are formed on a specific characteristic because of prejudice for example, a group of children being labelled the â€Å"naughty† children. There are two types of discrimination children and young people face direct and indirect discrimination Direct discrimination Direct discrimination is when children or young people are not permitted to access a part of the schools curriculum due to their gender, race or disability. For example when a school doesn’t accept a pupil because of their special educational needs or a group of children not allowing another child to participate because of their race. Indirect discrimination This is difficult to spot, this can happen when practise and procedures are used without taking individuals circumstances into consideration. A child may not be directly excluded but due to their circumstances they are unable to participate. 2.2 describe the impact of prejudice and discrimination on children and young  people Prejudice and discrimination will only have a negative effect on children and young people. This will have a big impact on their academic progress of children and also discrimination will have a negative effect on their overall health. Children and young people may feel (when experiencing discrimination) Loss of self esteem Anger Confusion Depression Lack of motivation 2.3 assess how attitudes, values and behaviour could impact on work with children and young people Everyone working within a school has the legal duty to protect the rights of children and young people. You must take into consideration how your attitudes and values have an impact on the way you work with children. The way a child is brought up can have an effect on the way they act towards individuals and groups. Personal prejudice can lead to discriminatory practice; learning about the different religious beliefs of the children that you work with and knowing about any special educational needs or disabilities can overcome this. 2.4 describe the importance of promoting anti-discriminatory practise in work with children and young people The promotion of anti-discriminatory practise should reinforce all work done in schools. Schools should not just have policies and statements put in place about anti-discriminatory practice, schools must demonstrate anti-discriminatory practice. It is important to monitor how good practice has a positive effect on children and young people’s education and general  well being. 2.5 describe how to challenge discrimination To be able to challenge discriminations you have to recognise anti-discriminatory practice. All staff in schools must protect children from discrimination if you ignore it that shows you are condoning this behaviour. You have to take into consideration how a child may feel if they are experiencing discrimination and a member of staff who is meant to be supporting them ignores them. The child may see as you agree with the perpetrator or that the way they are being treated is normal. It can be difficult to challenge if it is practiced or institutional by a colleague so it is important how you approach different and difficult situations. To be able to challenge discrimination you need to have knowledge of policy, practice and procedures. If you’re more familiar with what is a good practice you will be able to handle incidents better when they arise. Discrimination can be intentional or just ignorance and a lack of understanding. It will be hard to change the views of others but you must confront discriminatory actions and comments. When challenging discrimination you must: Explain what has happened Tell them what effect is has on the individual Model ways to ensure anti-discriminatory practice When anti-discriminatory practice arises, you must speak to your manager or supervisor. 3.1 describe what is meant by inclusion and inclusive practice Inclusive practice is identifying, understanding and breaking down barriers of participation. Inclusion is about making sure all pupils within schools  are able to participate no matter their background or situation. Inclusive practices will make everyone feel valued and have a sense of belonging. Inclusion is making sure that everyone is provided with the same opportunity and access to a high quality education. 3.2 describe features of an inclusive setting for children and young people A school ethos is hard to sum up; it becomes clearer once you enter a school building. There is a feeling that everyone matters. Children and young people feel confident when they approach a member of staff. The schools surroundings reflect the diversity within the school. An inclusive setting is being able to use the whole school as an approach to learning. Barriers are identified and methods are come up with to remove them. Children with special educational needs or disabilities, have strategies put in place which focus on that child or young persons needs. A school setting, which is inclusive, will have the following features: Barriers are recognise and staff have a good understanding of individuals and groups of children Barriers are minimised or removed Pupils are educated together and not segregated from their peers Children’s views and opinions are listened to and valued There are clear policies and procedures and are reviewed regularly All staff are trained regularly relating to inclusion Schools work in partnership with their stakeholders School and outside organisations work in partnership 3.3 describe how inclusion works in own sector of the children’s workforce Professionals that work with children must all share a common understanding of values and principles of inclusion. The ways in which these values are practiced are different depending on the type of organisation and its role in education. No matter the organisation the child should always be the centre of practice. Early years foundation and the national curriculum gives clear guidance on an inclusive approach to learning and assessment. Early years foundation have set out requirements for meeting the need of all children under its equal opportunity section. The national curriculum statement states schools must: Provide a curriculum which ensures active participation and achievement of all pupils Meet the needs an interests of all pupils Recognise and overcome potential barriers Recognise pupils entitlement to high quality learning experiences Personalised learning School have began adopting a system of personalised learning in an attempt to raise standards. This focuses on individual children and young people. Personalised learning makes sure that all children no matter their background, special educational needs, culture or disability, attain the support they need to progress. When personalised learning is successful, children and young people experience: Personal targets Staff who have high expectations A challenging curriculum More focused assessment Early identification and intervention when targets are not reached Promoting well-being through an inclusive curriculum A schools key role is to provide a good quality education through a curriculum that is inclusive to everyone but the school also has a wide role to full fill ensuring the well being of children, Every child matters/help children achieve very child matters was introduced in 2003 following the death of victoria climbe, although the emphasis is still on better outcomes for children, what was also highlighted in the inquiry was that services to work more closely to support the needs and right of all children. Schools and other child services should be all working towards these five outcomes: Be healthy Stay safe Enjoy and achieve Make a positive contribution Achieve economic well being

Essay on Malcolm X From Illiterate to Erudite - 624 Words

The more effort we use in studying the better results we will get. Certain people have a hard time comprehending school work from the first grade to throughout high school. For example, in the article â€Å"Saved,† the life of Malcolm X, the reader is told about Malcolm’s struggle with learning .One problem he had was he couldn’t write or read his own hand writing. The way he began to overcome his handicap was that he would copy and memorize words from the dictionary. When he entered prison he was illiterate. He could neither read nor write. Later on, to help his reading comprehension, he would spend time in the prison library. Spending an hour every day in the library helped to increase his comprehension. In the beginning young writers†¦show more content†¦That’s exactly what he did with every page of the dictionary. He would draw a picture of an animal that belonged with a particular word just so he could remember. Later, he would fold the pages down to be able to return to the place he was studying. We all know many kids who do not like to read from elementary to college. In the early school years, there was always an instructor or, a parent to always guiding us. Or they would say it’s time for silent reading or even force us to read. This always worked for the best because kids to today love to tell stories to friends and families. Malcolm X went to the Norfolk colony’s prison, library everyday where he would stay for at an hour. He felt like he was in heaven just from seeing all the different books. He would be concentrating so hard on the books, which he would stay up past the normal time to go to sleep. Sometimes when it would be lights out he would try to read in the dark just because the book was just starting to get interesting. Last but not least, when a student is reading, he or she will lose his or her train of thought if the teacher interrupts to ask a question. The students forget what they just read and want to quit because they feel like they won’t get the gist of the story. Children are required to read at home whether it is a reading assignment from the teacher or a nice bedtime story

Hebrews And Its Impact On The World Essay - 1362 Words

Life as it is has really greatly regressed since the age of the Biblical times, until one would wonder if the Word of God still has root in the life of man in this current generation. This essay aims to answer the question, â€Å"What is the major theme of Hebrews and does it apply to the individual Christian today?† While looking keenly into the Book of Hebrews, this essay will highlight the major theme of the epistle, and bring into perspective the practicality of the Word of God in the life a Christian today. It will breakdown to detail who a modern-day Christian is, what his life principles are, and lastly, if the theme of Hebrews is applicable with his life today. The Book of Hebrews is one of the most significant books in the whole New Testament. It boasts of the purest form of Greek in linguistic nature, and not just that, but also its formation and delivery of its logical arguments are some of the most well-thought-out and well coordinate of all literature. The epistle, however, has taken centre stage in unending confrontations, and even sometimes violent debates over generations in regards to who the author of this incredible Book might be. Biblical scholars, having studied the Bible in great depths, seem not to agree on who is responsible. Unfortunately for them, the Book itself does not give any reference or indication to its mysterious writer. Some scholars suggest that Apollos is the writer of this Book given his background credentials, but a majority believe thatShow MoreRelatedHebrews And Its Impact On The World Essay2041 Words   |  9 Pagesâ€Å"What is the major theme of Hebrews and does it apply to the individual Christian tod ay?† While looking keenly into the Book of Hebrews, this essay will highlight the major theme of the epistle, and bring into perspective the practicality of the Word of God in the life a Christian today. Lastly, It will breakdown to detail who a modern-day Christian is, what his life principles are, and lastly if the theme of Hebrews is applicable with his life today. The Book of Hebrews is one of the most significantRead MoreThe Impact of the Egyptian and the Hebrew Civilizations on Humanity1459 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Throughout history, great civilizations have existed in various parts of the world. The cultural, economic, political, and/or intellectual achievements of these civilizations contributed to the advancement of humankind. Civilization is a term that has various meanings. Most popularly and in this context it can be referred to as an advanced state of human society, in HYPERLINK http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/which which  a high level of HYPERLINK http://dictionary.referenceRead MoreThe Impact Of Religion On Human Culture1200 Words   |  5 PagesFor centuries, human culture has been influenced in a multitude of ways by many means but none have had such an impact as religion. It has had countless wars waged in its name, even to this day. Billions believe in some divine being(s) that transcends the ugliness of humanity that s omnipotent and omniscient. Religion became a guide and a representation of how our lives should be led. However, history has brought evidence that made it possible for this notion to be criticized and rather, flippedRead MoreCivilization is Connected from the Mesopotamians to the Powerful Roman Empire836 Words   |  4 Pagesachievements. The Assyrians left a las ting impact on civilization with the advent of the idea of conquest which they took to ruthlessly brutal ends. Later the Persians would add a degree of tolerance into the conquest equation. The concept of conquest would leave an indelible mark on the West, for better or worse. These developments still play a role in contemporary society. Much of the religious practice of the ancient world was polytheistic. The Hebrews embrace of monotheism is noteworthy, becauseRead MoreThe Cultural World of Jewish Women Explained in Daughters of Tradition by Alicia Ramos-Gonzà ¡lez1806 Words   |  7 PagesTradition discuss, in great detail, the cultural world of Jewish women in Eastern Europe during the 16th-19th century. I believe that culture takes root in ones’ identity not only as an individual, but also in ones’ identity with their people and nation. Based on this belief, I have chosen to focus my explorations on the patterns found in the bases of Jewish identity among the women in Yiddish culture during this time. Despite the negative impacts towards gender equality which arose though preventingRead MoreGilgamesh Flood Comparison Essay823 Words   |  4 PagesComparison and Contrast of Hebrew and Mesopotamian Flood Stories Both the story of â€Å"Noah and the Flood† in the book of Genesis in The Hebrew Bible and the flood story in The Epic of Gilgamesh detail a grand flood in which a man saved life from extinction by building an ark, earning fame and immortality in some form. The theme of completing this grand task for a moral purpose holds true to both stories, but the depiction and actions of the divine and mortal characters in the stories contain differentRead More Apostle Paul Essay1212 Words   |  5 Pagescharacter, Jesus Christ influenced history. Jesus Christ was crucified, died, and resurrected, which changed world history as we know it. He told his disciples He would die and on the third day he would be resurrected. Jesus died to pay the sin debt of the world. The Lord led a sinless life, but was the one who took on the sins of the world. There is no other person who has had as much of an impact in history as Jesus Christ. The apostle Paul, who once rejected Jesus Christ, later became one of theRead MoreDeath, Mortality, And The Afterlife938 Words   |  4 Pagesand have been modified according to their own views depending in what region they were born in and the time period. To look at what has changed over the periods we have to look at our history starting with writings like the Epic of Gilgamesh, the Hebrew texture, the Bible and many more stories both historical and religious. All trying to answer the same questions regarding death, mortality and the afterlife. There are 5 immortality narratives that define the human process staying alive, resurrectionRead More Genesis And Theogony... Plagiarism? Essay1483 Words   |  6 PagesGenesis only serves to further an important idea among the Hebrews: there is but one God, and He is omnipotent, omniscient, and other-worldly; He is not of this world, but outside it, apart from it. The idea of a monotheistic religion is first evinced in recorded history with Judaism, and it is vital to see that instead of being an example of plagiarism, the Book of Genesis is a meticulously composed document that will set apart the Hebrew God from the others before, and after. If we trace backRead MoreThe Magna Carte, The Declaration Of Independence, And But The Communist Manifesto1534 Words   |  7 Pages Throughout out the history of the world many documents have had profound influences upon humanity. The Magna Carte, The Declaration of Independence, and even the Communist Manifesto by Karl Marx are examples of some of the documents that have helped to shape humanity. The Bible has had perhaps more impact on humanity than any other Document ever written. Many people read the Bible, but know little of the history of the Bible itself. The history of the Bible is a fascinating story of

Why Don t They Get It Essay - 1083 Words

When anyone thinks about their job we each have a list of people that we simply to not get and don’t like to deal with. In the end whether we like to acknowledge it or not we feel a negative disposition and even enmity for certain people. People are different and as much as we like everyone to be like ourselves that is not the case but the likelihood that we each have similar fears about hurting people and miscommunication.We are constantly communication with each other especially in the workplace with bosses, employees and co-workers. It does not matter how well you know the person communication can be difficult. Many time the words â€Å"How does his tone sound in the e-mail?†, â€Å"Did they really mean to say that?† or â€Å"Why don’t they get it?† and much more. One of the biggest roots of communication issues is our culture. Our culture is how we view and try to decipher any problems in our lives and how we speak to people and communicate with those around us. The first intercultural communication issue that I have in my workplace is a co-worker and myself have a very large communication gap. His English is not that well and it causes major communication issues. For example, we recently went on a delivery to a new client and he wanted to bring the items on a â€Å"borrowed† shopping cart. I tried to explain to him that it is a new client and it is not a good look for us. But instead he chose to go his route and ignored me which made me very frustrated. The second interculturalShow MoreRelatedWhy You Don t Get An A1044 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"You don’t get an A, you earn an A.† says every teacher that I have ever had. It has come to my attention that they speak the truth. You put in the hard work and receive the grade with whatever your effort results in. How to earn the A can be exaggerated. In Newport’s book on How to Become a Straight A Student, Part 1: Study Basics†, the audience is guided throughout the text to analyze their study skills and impart strategies for time management and procrastination. The stories of studying for excessiveRead MoreWhy Don t They Just Get Another Job?2040 Words   |  9 Pagesand their family, but no matter how hard they tried they could not get to this point. Before this movie, I just assumed that these types of people simply did not work hard enough in life and that is the reason they were not successful at least stable within a home. In reality, these people are h arder workers than a lot of the people I know. Constantly during the film I just kept thinking, â€Å"Why don t they just get another job?† or â€Å"Why not apply for public assistance?†. Eventually, I would rememberRead MoreCommentary On Heads Up ! Heads Down !834 Words   |  4 Pagesanother one Oh! Yeek yeek woop woop! why you all in my ear?! Talking a whole bunch of shit That I ain t trying to hear! Get back motherfucker! You don t know me like that! (Get back motherfucker! You don t know me like that!) Yeek yeek woop woop! I ain t playing around! Make one false move I ll take ya down Get back motherfucker! You don t know me like that! (Get back motherfucker! You don t know me like that!) Who!! S-s-so c mon c mon Don t, get swung on, swung on It s the knick knackRead MoreWhy I Don t Take The Leap Of Faith Essay1454 Words   |  6 PagesIt s amazing how many people know what they want or know what they don t want and yet they don t do anything about it. Have you ever been in a conversation with someone telling you about the late in which they hate their job and how they would love to start a business instead? Yet at the end of the conversation you ask them what are you waiting for and they look at you with a blank face looking at you as if your nuts. The problem is that we want something but then we tell ourselves of all theRead MoreI Am Planning On Buying The Xulu Panelbeaters1630 Words   |  7 Pagesmean you love each other? - Melusi, I didn t plan any of this. Ever since I came back you call me Melusi and not Baba, because you love him! - We didn t know you d come back. - I m not talking to you! Look, we didn t do this on purpose. We spent a lot of time together after the case... I m talking to my wife! After the case? Zulu, you ve been making a fool of me. I took you in, and you made a move on my wife in my house! #10; It wasn t like that! You took advantage of my confusionRead MoreDon t Be Shy, I Won t Bite !897 Words   |  4 Pagesassumptions. He is starting to have feelings for her, even if he don t want to admit it to himself. Evelyn could sense John contemplating with his choices. She smiled brightly and spoken in a cheerful voice. Don t think too hard Johnny, why don t you sit closer by me? I ll gladly share you my blanket, besides I think you need it more than I do. Evelyn pat the ground, directing him to come closer. Oh come on...don t be shy, I won t bite! John move closer beside Evelyn. She open her blanketRead MoreReasons Why Americans Should Attend College1333 Words   |  6 PagesReasons Why Americans Should Attend College The most important reason why americans should go to college is that it prepares them to function in this increasingly complex world. Going to college also helps you get skills and help you understand and get better knowledge of things. Having a higher level of education allows you to have more open doors to better jobs and better pay. Including having your own business. Educated people are most likely to succeed. Kids don t have the luxury of attendingRead MoreMy Life Is A Mess1344 Words   |  6 PagesMy life is a mess because of one stupid secret. A secret that changed my life. A secret that shouldn t have been a secret in the first place. Have you ever heard the saying if you love someone then let them go? Well what I m thinking is if I love someone then I have to tell them the truth. Yeah, that should be a quote one day. If you love someone tell them the truth. Well, I didn t really listen to my own quote. My life got better within time. Then I ruined it. All because of some stupid secretRead MoreThe Boy - Original Writing1667 Words   |  7 Pages  Once upon a time, there was this boy, now this boy was a strange boy he never talked to anyone he didn t have any friends, and no one knew his name. Some boys at his school would come up to him and say hi or would try to ask for his name but this strange boy would just tell them to go anyway, the boy didn t seem to have a problem with having no friends, but then when this boy grew older and got in high school he meet this girl,Her name was Evangeline. Evangeline was the prettiest girl in schoolRead MoreThe Problem With Medical Insurance1209 Words   |  5 Pagesproblems include issues within insurance companies, lack of sanitation and medical service causing various countries with more diseases than normal. Immigrants come to the United States because they need better medical services that t hey are unable to get in their country. With the lack of healthcare materials and sanitation in countries outside of the United States, it makes many people choose to live here. An ongoing problem with medical insurance leaves people with no insurance at all. I chose to

Grass by Carl Sandburg free essay sample

Many a times one has heard the phrase â€Å"history will repeat itself†. However, it is rarely fully understood. No matter how many times one hears the numbers, facts, statistics of war, humanity fails to end the cycle. In the poem, â€Å"Grass† by Carl Sandburg, Sandburg utilizes repetition and a powerful theme to pose an especially striking stance on war. Consider first the repetition of the words â€Å"pile† and â€Å"shovel† and the way in which they are repeated. Normally, especially in a short poem like this one, one would want to avoid repetition in order to ensure that the poem stays interesting. Sandburg chooses to depart from that rule of thumb. â€Å"Pile† and â€Å"Shovel† occur in lines 1 and 2 respectively, so when they recur later they are already familiar. The repetition of â€Å"pile† at Lines 4 and 5 is within the same phrase so that surrounding words are identical and the word occurs visually in exactly the same place in each line. In doing so, Sandburg conveys a sense of the magnitude of death in war – not only in terms of the numbers who died in each war, but also how war reoccurs time and again. Additionally, â€Å"pile† stands out more prominently than â€Å"shovel†. So even though we know that the cycle of piling and shoveling is going to go on, the piles seem to build up faster than humanity can shovel. The repetition has an additional effect: Sandburg has written in free verse with no rhyme scheme. And yet, just looking at the poem on the page, one can visualize that there is some of frame which keeps it all together. The frame is that of repeated pile/shovel phrases and placement in each line. Moreover, Sandburg’s theme is that grass is ultimately more powerful than battles and it is revealed in a rather astonishing way. When one initially glances at the poem, they are led to believe that they will simply be reading a poem about, as the title indicates, Grass. front the reader thinks they are about to settle in to a poem about Grass (which they are) only to encounter the opening words â€Å"Pile the bodies high†. In the third line you find that the speaker is the grass. The grass wants to be allowed to work. Only in the closing four lines does Sandburg uncover his theme -given time no one will recognize this as a battleground anymore. The grass hides everything away, covers all the atrocities. When the grass gets the closing strophe all to itself Sandburg no longer needs the â€Å"I cover all†. The simple statement â€Å"I am the grass, Let me work† says enough. And note how each of those get their own line? A short punchy line, the first an â€Å"I am† statement almost biblical in its construction and brevity. The statements about the grass are also worth contrasting with those repeated pile and shovel words which describe the effects of the battle. For the effects of the battle to be really apparent specific work needs to be done – piling and shoveling. The grass doesn’t need a verb to be repeated to make its point. The grass’s work is to â€Å"cover†, a verb which occurs once in the third line and which, thanks to the sentence structure, is not at all prominent in the way that shovel and pile have been made prominent. At the end the grass simply says â€Å"Let me work† – it doesn’t need to define or describe its work. Both you and the grass know what needs to be done. Sandburg has employed diction and rhythm that contrasts the theme of this piece. The lines are long and flowing when he describes war and death and, when he gets to grass, which should be a pastoral, gentle thing, he makes the lines clippy and short. And the diction expresses society’s detachment from war, our need to separate ourselves from it by hiding it away (either bodies in graves or by well chosen euphemism). He studiously avoids mentioning death, never gets personal (keeps the dead as â€Å"bodies† and no more) and the verbs shovel and pile is the way one would describe logs, earth or compost. Something not to linger over, but simply to get out of the way and then get on with life. Thanks to the work of the grass, the human inability and unwillingness to confront the horror of way, it only takes a short passage of time before the people have forgotten what it was like and have to ask the conductor, â€Å"What place is this? † The war is already forgotten and gone from the mind. And the grass knows that no matter how much time passes it will always have work to do. Wars come round again. It’s amazing how much Sandburg has managed to convey with such a short poem, especially when one considers the level of repetition which actually reduces the absolute number of lines to about 6 lines. There are other lessons to be learnt from this. By his choice of battles, Gettysberg, Ypres, Verdun etc Sandburg refers to battles that involved great carnage. Battles with a death toll or casualty rate so high that it is unthinkable that we should speak of them as dispassionately as he does. But the use of the names is far more effective in conveying this point than having to spell it out in detail. He can get away with the dispassionate tone and make it â€Å"fit† the poem without seeming forced by adopting the unusual view point of having the grass as the observer and the first person speaker. Not only does he cloak the grass with personality but he simultaneously creates a narrator who is present throughout time and who is accordingly in a position to observe the folly of man through history. Other than the merest hint of a rhyme across Waterloo / Verdun, this poem is devoid of rhyme. Why? Rhyme closes lines, links lines together, gives the work a sense of completion and wholeness which is precisely what Sandburg doesn’t want here. He wants the work to have a continuing, incomplete, work in progress feel. The poem is written in the present tense: â€Å"I am the grass, let me work†.

Management Shareholder Wealth Optimization

Table of Contents Introduction A Case against Shareholder Primacy Arguments in Favour of Shareholder Primacy Conclusion References Introduction In 1970, the distinguished economics professor Milton Friedman wrote an essay in which he argued that the sole social responsibility of a company is to generate profit for its shareholders. Bejou (2011) notes that the core message that Friedman was advancing through his argument was that the primary responsibility of managers was to the owners or investors of the company. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Management: Shareholder Wealth Optimization specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This outlook is regarded as the traditional shareholder primacy theory and its main argument is that the primary task of management is to maximise shareholders wealth. The school of thought further on proposed that organizations should not be concerned with solving social problems since this the responsibility of other actors such as the government. Friedman’s defence of managers’ duties to shareholders continues to be the prominent concept dominating corporate governance. In line with this reasoning, many top managers of public corporations today seek ways to increase the profits of their shareholders. This begs the question what is should the primary role of management in public corporations be. This paper will argue that management should expand its role and responsibilities to cater to the needs of other stakeholders in addition to the shareholders and owners of the company. Increasing the wealth of shareholders and owners should not be the core objective of management. To provide a balanced view on the subject, the paper will also review some of the arguments made in support of shareholder wealth optimization by management and offer counterarguments to the same. A Case against Shareholder Primacy Corporations cannot exist on their own; they need the input of other groups such as creditors, employees, and the government (Stout 2002). As such, the shareholders alone cannot make, much less sustain a corporation. For this reason, the other contributors to the existence of the corporation also need to be considered by management. Stout (2002) elaborates that the non-shareholder groups who contribute to the welfare of the corporation also need to be compensated in accordance to some explicit and/or implicit contracts. For example, the employees will engage in operations on behalf of the organization in return for a salary, favourable work conditions, and prospects of career advancement. If management’s only concern is shareholder wealth, they organization will not be sustainable and it will fail therefore hurting the shareholders and all the other stakeholders. Management that is focused only on maximizing the wealth of shareholders will damage the firm’s economic interests. Stout (2002) states that such management w ill be inclined to take wealth and resources from other corporate constituencies such as employees, creditors, and governments in order to increase shareholder wealth. Management therefore needs to consider the other groups who make a contribution to the corporation’s survival.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Emphasis on increasing the wealth of shareholders and owners will reduce the productivity of the firm since it might lead to lower employee motivation (Kellerman 2007). Motivation is a highly desirable attribute in employees since motivated employees are integral to the success of the business. Kellerman (2007) explains that job satisfaction plays a significant role in creating motivated employees who in return direct their energies to meeting organizational goals. If management only considers the profit interest of the shareholders, they are going to sell the c orporation to the highest bidder without considering the losses that may arise to the employees and the local community. Employee motivation will be diminished if the workers believe that the management will sell the company to the highest bidder even if such a move will negatively affect them. Such employees are unlikely to commit their careers or give their loyalty to the corporation. This will result in reduced productivity for the company and this will reduce returns to shareholders. Shareholder primacy has led to risky financial undertakings by management in their question to increase shareholder value (Bergstresse Philippon 2006). Many organizations have tied the pay received by top managers to the share price in an effort to incentivize them to increase company performance. Managers therefore have a vested interest in the increased profitability of the organization and they are motivated to ensure that shareholder interests are met. Bergstresse and Philippon (2006) confir ms that many bit US corporations are in the habit of offering extravagant pay packages to their top executives as a means to align the upper management interests with those of shareholders. When the self-interest of managers is tied to the wealth of the shareholders, they are likely to make decisions that are only aimed at short term gains by the organization. Such an approach might have dire consequences for the organization and the society at large. For example, the financial crisis of 2008 which led to a global recession has been blamed on top managers allowing self-interest to prevail over any other concern. Emphasis on increasing shareholder wealth can cause risky behaviour by management and this might damage the corporation.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Management: Shareholder Wealth Optimization specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The best interest of the shareholder group is not always served by profit maximization by management and therefore, the shareholder value ideology can lead to negative impacts on the well-being of the company and its investors (Stout 2012). Stout elaborates that an organization has various classes of shareholders and their needs and interests vary depending on their degree of investment and interests. While some may be concerned in the short-term earnings of the company, others might be interested in the long-term performance of the organization. The view that management should only seek to increase shareholders wealth is based on the wrong assumption that increase in share price is proof of greater economic efficiency by the company in question. Stout (2012) forcefully asserts that the performance of a business cannot be measured through any one single metric. By focussing on share price and ignoring other variables such as capitalization, board structures, and equity to name but a few, a wrong assessment of the company is bound to be made. Focussing on increasing profitability might discourage investment and innovation therefore harming the employees and the customers of the organization. Holmstron and Kaplan (2001) declare that managers who view themselves as representatives of the corporation and not the shareholders are likely to maintain a long-term vision of the company and therefore take steps to ensure its growth and stability. Management needs to avoid being obsessed with increasing the wealth of shareholders and owners in order to serve the best interest of the shareholder group. Focus on shareholder profitability will cause an organization to ignore the needs of the non-shareholder entities and this might be detrimental to the organization’s future. Organizations are affected by factors that are internal and external to them. Albright (2008) highlights the importance of the organization to have a good understanding and demonstrate sensitivity to the needs of its environment. There is a strong interdependence between the corporation and stakeholders such as customers, suppliers, creditors, the media, and activists. Management is therefore forced to balance the interest of shareholders with those of the other stakeholders in order to create a win-win situation from which everybody can benefit.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Shareholder wealth maximization will negatively affect the economy of a country since it might lead to reduction in production and the raising of prices by managers in a bid to increase profits (Solo 2000). This is especially the case if the organization holds a monopoly in the industry. As a monopoly, the corporation has the discretion to restrict production and raise prices without fear that the competitive forces will oblige it to react to the demand-supply forces. If the management in such a monopolistic organization holds strong shareholder-primacy view, his only concern will be to increase profitability. This will be achieved by lowering production in order to create excess demand and then raising prices. The manager could also lower the employment in order to reduce the production cost incurred by the company. All these factors will hurt the economy of the nation since it will lead to reduced production. The expansion of the company will also be deterred if the managers ar e only concerned with increased profitability. Emphasis on profits has led to many layoffs and mergers, which have driven the stock prices of company’s up at a considerable social cost. The American workforce has been the worst affected by the shareholder primacy norm practiced by many top executives. Grossman (2005) reveals that in the past two decades, over 45million Americans have been laid off as corporations downsize in order to increase their profitability by raising stock prices. Stout (2012) observes that managers who have weak shareholder wealth maximization norms are more likely to concentrate in increasing sales and industry expansion instead of aggressively trying to increase profitability. The manager whose primary objective is not to increase the shareholders wealth will invest in larger firms and build new factories in order to increase the production capacity of the organization. This will result in an increase in social wealth. Emphasis on shareholder wealt h maximization will be detrimental to the economic well-being of the society. The purpose of the organization is not only to make money for the business owners but also to fulfil other social functions which include † secure jobs for employees, better quality products for consumers, and greater contributions to the welfare of the community as a whole† (Stout 2002, p.1989). This is in line with Dood’s assertion that the business corporation is â€Å"an economic institution which has a social service as well as a profit-making function† (Stout 2002, p. 1989). If management is only concerned with shareholder interests, they will not make an effort to fulfil the obligations of the organizations to the society. Green (1993) explains that when the primary objective of management is confined to increasing shareholders and owners’ wealth, they cannot dedicate resources or managerial time to worthy causes since this will be deemed as embezzlement of organiza tion resources. Shareholder primacy therefore makes it impossible for management to fulfil other social functions and therefore ensure business success. A more prudent approach would be for management to try to maximize the â€Å"sum of all the returns enjoyed by all of the groups that participate in firms† (Stout 2000, p.1198). Such an approach would stop managers from taking actions that result in the maximization of wealth of shareholders in the short run while negatively affecting all the other participates in the firm. The shareholder wealth maximization norm is outdated since it refuses to acknowledge the importance of adopting socially responsible practices for the welfare of the business (Grossman 2005). Focus on shareholder profit maximization will lead to the removal of social factors that might reduce shareholder wealth. In today’s business environment, the financial performance of an organization is increasingly interconnected with its social performance. While organizations could in the past ignore the needs of the non-shareholders and still survive, the current environment is forcing companies to align their interests with those of the society order to ensure their future survival. The last few decades has witnessed an increase in the importance attributed to Corporate Social Responsibility (CRS). CRS. Stout (2012) observes that an emphasis on CRS by European companies has enabled them to compete favourably with the American multinationals that have dominated the global market for decades. Adopting the shareholder primacy theory will therefore hurt the overall performance of the business since management will fail to satisfy social interests. Grossman (2005) best articulates this by stating that â€Å"in order to truly maximize profits a company must engage with social interests† (p.575). Managers should seek to not only produce good returns for investors but also provide good work conditions for the workforce and serve t he community by making quality products and being a good corporate citizen. Management has a moral and ethical obligation to consider the interests of all stakeholders in their decision making (Boatright 2006). These obligations include a guarantee to honour agreements and contracts, honesty, and legitimacy in conducting business to name but a few. Shareholder primacy might cause management to ignore its moral obligations when they do not contribute to an increase in the profitability of the corporation. Managers can ignore ethical obligations that and agreements that are not codified in laws. The public confidence in corporations is significantly lowered by the culture of profit at all costs (Jenster Hussey 2001). For an organization to function effectively, it needs to gain the confidence of the market. This confidence will increase the chances that people will be willing to invest in the corporation or endorse its products. Arguments in Favour of Shareholder Primacy The major r eason given by advocates of shareholder primacy is that the corporation belongs to its shareholders and due to this ownership; their interests should be put first (Holmstron Kaplan 2001). Friedman best advocated this school of thought in his 1970 essay where he noted that managers are agents who have promised to serve the shareholders who have entrusted them with their property (Green 1993). Management is therefore bound to act diligently in the best interest of the owners. Stout (2002) reveals that this argument is flawed since shareholders do not in actual fact own the corporation but rather own stocks which means that they their ownership is limited. Boatright (2006) agrees with this by noting that shareholders do not own the corporation in the same way that a person could own a house or a vehicle. The alleged ownership refers to the bundle of rights that these group has. Shareholder primacy is based on the premise that more profits will lead to the creation of wealth for indiv iduals that will in turn benefit society (Husted de Jesus 2006). This argument holds true since creating wealth for individuals makes the community dynamic and people are able to engage in more economically productive endeavours. A look at the prominent economic systems of the world supports this since the capitalistic ideology which favours the capital contributors in the society is the most successful and vibrant system in the world. Placing emphasis on profits leads to strong performance by the corporation. Husted and de Jesus (2006) observe that strong industrial performance is beneficial to the society. Proponents of shareholder primacy argue that profit seeking will result in more efficient utilization of resources by management in order to increase productivity and in the end, offers the greatest benefits to the society as a whole. While it is true that shareholder primacy will result in higher returns, this wealth is not distributed to a large number of society members. Instead, it is concentrated within a few disproportionately wealthy members of the society. The argument that shareholder primacy will benefit society by creating wealth for many individuals in the society is therefore not entirely true. With this consideration, Grossman (2005) suggests that corporations owe an obligation to society to at least be good corporate citizens and provide some social services even if these might decrease their profits. Social responsibilities imposed on business may hamper business growth and render it unable to operate (Husted, BW de Jesus 2006). Friedman argued that management â€Å"possess neither the authority nor the moral right to divert shareholders’ profits for the welfare of the general public† since they are merely agents of the stockholders (Grossman 2005, p.574). Advocates of shareholder primacy reinforce this argument by asserting that it is not right for the society to impose welfare obligations on the corporation. If individ ual stockholders choose to use their profit for worthy causes, they can do this but the choice should not be made by managers who have been appointed to run the company. While market forces should be the main determinant of how the corporation reacts, the corporation has an obligation to the society. Businesses have to conform to the basic rules of the society and avoid seeking only profits. Stakeholders assume significant risk by investing their resources to the firm and for this reason, their financial interests should be the primary objective of management. Individuals who invest in corporations do this in the hope of achieving greater returns in business than they would if they engage in business activities independently. Boatright (2006) states that the prospect of significant financial benefits is what makes individuals with economic assets voluntarily agree to contribute their assets to production in an organization. Shareholders are likely to suffer from personal losses if the corporation fails. This is because they are the people who have invested money into the organization. Since shareholders agree to take up significant risk in investing in the corporation, it is appropriate for the managers to work towards ensuring that these risk takers obtain high levels of profit from their shares. Risk taking does not give the stakeholders all the power over the corporation. While the other stakeholders might not take the risk, their involvement facilitates the profitability of the organization. Their concerns should therefore also be addressed. Conclusion This paper set out to dispute the accepted financial axiom that the primary objective of management is to increase the wealth of shareholders and owners. The paper has demonstrated that the shareholder wealth maximization concept does not serve the best interests of the society as a whole. It has shown that the assumption that shareholder primacy and other party’s interests coincide since the maximi zation of stockholder wealth improves the welfare of society is wrong. It has revealed that the view that companies with rising share prices are economically efficient is flawed since business performance should not be measured through a single metric. Weak shareholder wealth maximization norms have also been observed to be healthier for the economy of a nation since they can have the impact of increasing national wealth through increased production. Voices have over the last two decades been raised against the shareholder primacy model advocated by Friedman. Corporate managers are increasingly required by the society to consider the interests of more than just the shareholders and owners of the company. This paper has demonstrated that corporations are faced with expectations not only from their shareholders but also from their employees and the society. They must therefore act in a manner that takes into consideration the needs of non-shareholder actors. A corporation that addre sses societal needs has a greater chance of succeeding and therefore increasing the value for its stakeholders. Management should therefore overcome its predisposition to only focus on the needs of the shareholders and make decisions that appeal to the needs of all the relevant stakeholders. References Albright, SK 2008, ‘Environmental scanning: radar for success’, The Information Management Journal, vol. 12 no. 2, pp. 38-45. Bejou, D 2011, ‘Compassion as the New Philosophy of Business’, Journal of Relationship Marketing, vol. 10 no. 1, pp. 1-6. Boatright, J 2006, ‘What’s Wrong – and What’s Right – with Stakeholder Management’, Journal of Private Enterprise, vol. 11 no. 2, pp. 106-130. Green, R 1993, ‘Shareholders as Stakeholders: Changing metaphors of Corporate Governance’, Washington and Lee Law Review, vol. 50 no. 4, pp. 1409-1421 Grossman, A 2005, ‘Refining the role of the corporation: the impa ct of corporate social responsibility on shareholder primacy theory’, Deakin Law Review, vol. 10 no. 2, pp. 572-596. Holmstron, B Kaplan, NS 2001, ‘Corporate Governance and Takeovers in the U.S.: Making Sense of the ’80s and ’90s’, Journal of Economic Perspectives, vol. 22 no.2, pp.121-144. Husted, BW de Jesus Salazar, J 2006, ‘Taking Friedman Seriously: Maximising Profits and Social Performance’, Journal of Management Studies, vol. 43 no. 1, pp 76-91. Jenster, P Hussey, D 2001, Company Analysis: Determining Strategic Capability, Wiley, New Jersey. Kellerman, B. (2007) ‘What Every Leader needs to know About Followers.’ Harvard Business Review 85,(12) 84-91. Solo, A 2000, Economic Organizations and Social System, University of Michigan Press, Michigan. Stout, L 2002, ‘Bad and not-so-bad arguments for shareholder primacy’, Southern California Law Review, vol. 75 no. 1, pp. 1989-1210. Stout, L 2012, ‘The problem of corporate purpose’, Issues in Governance Studies, vol. 48 no. 3, pp. 1-14. This essay on Management: Shareholder Wealth Optimization was written and submitted by user Isabella Tyler to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.