Health Promotion Study Guide Essay Example for Free

Health Promotion Study Guide EssayIllness is an event that manifests itself through discernible/felt changes in the form. Illness is the state in which the physical, emotional, social, intellectual or spiritual functioning is lowly or imp beamed compargond with previous experience. It is NOT synonymous with disease and may or may non be related to disease. Illness is highly subjective. Wellness is the state of being wellnessy in two body and mind as the result of deliberate effort. Wellness is the state of well-being. It is an approach to wellnesscare that emphasizes preventing unwellnessiness and prolonging manner as opposed to emphasizing treating diseases. Anspaugh et al propose 7 components of wellness 1) Physical 2) mixer 3) Emotional 4) Intellectual 5) Spiritual 6) Occupational and 7) Environmental. Well-being/Wellness is a subjective perception of living and touch sensation well which can be described objectively, experienced, and mea trustworthyd and can be p lotted on a continuum. Dunns concept of high train wellness theorizes that wellness is the academic degree of illness/health modified by the environment. It says that it is an integrated method of functioning that is oriented towards maximizing the potential of which the individual is cap suitable.It requires that the several(prenominal) maintain a continuum of balance and purposeful direction inwardly the environment where he is functioning. The long-sufferings perception of health, wellness and illness must be considered by the nurse in order to go away individualized, quality care. Lifestyle factors that modulate health (PP Health Promotion and Disease Prevention) Internal and external factors influence health status. Internal factors include Age, Genetics, Physiologic, Lifestyle, Health habits (smoking, drugs, alcohol, eating habits, exercise and stress).External factors include Environment (radiation, air pollution, H20 and sun exposure), Safety (seatbelts, riding on mo torcycle), and Standard of living (less educated the poorer the health). How to adjourn a patients temperature using different routes (Lab Kozier PP. 532-537) There are a number of body sites for measuring body temperature. The most common are oral, rectal, axillary, tympanic and temporal artery. Normal adult temperature is 37 degree C and 98. 6 degree F. In older adults ( gt 70), temp is usually 36 degrees C or 96. 8 degrees F. Newborns- 1 yr old are usually 98. 2 degree F and 36. 8 degree C. Oral c droply common route.Place thermometer underneath the tongue on any side of the frenulum. Do NOT call in in someone with mouth lesions or if patient has had oral surgery. Be sure to ask if patient has had anything cold/hot to drink in last 30 minutes. Rectal nearly accurate route. Place Pt. in lateral or Sims position. Apply gloves and instruct patient to adjudge a slow deep breath during insertion. Insert 1. 5 inches in adults. Do NOT take in Pt that has had rectal surgery, has l ower GI problems, is immuno-suppressed, has a clotting disorder or Pt that has hemorrhoids. In some agencies taking rectal temps is contraindicated in patients who overhear had an MI.It is believed that this can stimulate the Vagus brace which can cause myocardial damage. Tympanic Temps measured in this site are usually 1. 1-1. 5 degrees higher than oral. These are non invasive and quick. To measure temp, pull pinna slightly upward and back( adults) and point the canvass slightly anteriorly, toward eardrum. Insert the probe slowly using a circular motion until snug. Axillary The least accurate route but safest route. Dry arm pit if moist. Place thermometer bulb in stub of axilla. In order to obtain a more(prenominal) accurate reading it must be left(a) in place for a long time. Temporal Artery Safe, noninvasive and very fast.Equipment slightly more expensive, as it is a scanning infrared thermometer. The probe is placed in the middle of the forehead thus drawn laterally to t he hairline. If Pt has perspiration on forehead the probe is also touched puke earlobe. Levels of preventive health care Three levels of preventative care are Primary focuses on health promotion and protection against specific health problems or health risks. Primary prevention precedes disease or dysfunction and is applied to generally healthy individuals or classifys. Examples include Immunizations risk assessments for specific disease i. e. iabetes health education about injury and poisoning prevention. Secondary- focuses on early identification of health problems and prompt preventative to alleviate health problems. Goal is to identify masses in early stages of disease process and to enclosure future dis baron. It is curative in nature. It emphasizes health maintenance for race with health problems (i. e. someone with diabetes who has it under control). This level includes prevention of complications and disabilities. Examples include Encouraging regular medical/ dental c heckups Teaching self exam of meet screening surveys hypertension).Tertiary- focuses on restoration and rehabilitation with the goal of returning the person to optimal level of functioning, within the con occupationts of the disability. This level of prevention occurs after an illness, when a defect is stabilized or fixed and determined to be irreversible. Examples include caring for someone with a chronic disease referring patient with colostomy to support group direction patient with diabetes to identify and prevent complications ( perfume disease) referring patient with spinal cord injury to a rehab to produce training to maximize his remaining abilities. picture who the older adult is and physiological/ mental changes Successful psychological aging is reflected in the older persons ability to adapt to physical, social, and emotional injuryes and to reach contentment, serenity, and life considerations. The older adult continues to learn and problems solve and intelligence a nd personality remain as they have always been. A persons social ability does not change during the course of their life if you were a young extrovert/introvert you will be an old extrovert/introvert. Wisdom increases as we age.As a person gos older they go through physiological and psychosocial changes. Some physical changes are visible and some are not. In general lean body mass decreases, fat create from raw material increases, and bone mass decreases. Intracellular fluid decreases which can cause dehydration. Skin becomes drier and less malleable and they become more susceptible to skin tears. Bony prominences may become visible. There is a loss of overall stature and osteoporosis can occur in tribe who have insufficient intake of atomic number 20 and in women who have been through menopause. There is a steady decrease in muscle fibers. reply time slows. There is loss of visual acuity and progressive loss of hearing and reduced picnic and increased rigidity of arteries and an increase in pipeline pressure. Orthostatic hypotension is common. GI changes include increase in indigestion and constipation. There is increase in frequency and urgency of urination and incontinence in many a(prenominal) older adults. Decreased immune receipt and lowered resistance to infection is normal. Many older people have decreased thyroid function and increased insulin resistance. Respiratory efficiency is reduced with age.Older adults may experience many health problems including physical injuries and chronic disabling disease, and dementia. Psychologically people have more than to adapt to as they become older. Some of these things are 1) Retirement this is often a difficult time of adjustment for people. Many have a sense of self worth from working and lose a sense of identity when they stop working. Income decreases sometimes by 35% during this time. 2) Economic Change- Decrease in finance related to retirement and lack of pension plans/savings. Health care cos ts skyrocket because of increase in illnesses.This decrease in monetary resources can cause older people to become less independent. This causes them to lose self esteem and become depressed. 3) Grand-parenting At this time in life older people become grandparents and are able to provide support to younger family members in a number of ways. 4) Relocating- many people move closer to their children for general support and supervision. This is a very big stressor. Older adults can either give out with their children live in assisted living, live at home with adult daylight care, live in a long term care facility or in private group homes. ) Maintaining Independence and Self Esteem- This is a big one. Elders thrive on independence and it is important for them to be able to maintain their self esteem. The more they can do for themselves the better. 5) Facing Death and Grieving as people age the chance of their spouse dying increases. Friends and family members die and this is a perio d of adjustment and grieving. The older person has feelings of loss, emptiness and loneliness during this time. According to Erickson the developmental task at this time is ego vs. despair.People who relieve oneself ego integrity view life with a sense of wholeness and derive satisfaction from preceding(a) accomplishments. This is the time of life where many older people start focusing on their faith and spirituality. Most people start an internal life review and seriously start thinking about their have imminent death. Caregiver Role Strainwhat is it? What nursing interventions would the nurse provide? (P. 137) Caregiver role strain is when they have physical, emotional, social, and financial burdens that can seriously jeopardize their own health and well-being.Nursing intervention would be to encourage caregivers to express their feelings and at the same time convey understanding about the difficulties associated with caregiving and acknowledge the caregivers competence. finis hed conversation with the caregiver assess areas where assistance may be desired or need. Identify workable source of help. Like volunteer (family, neighbor, friends, church, caregiver support groups) or agency sources (home health aide, meals on wheels, day care, transportation, and counseling and social services. Remind the caregiver of the importance of caring for themselves.Know about these nursing diagnoses manage Ineffective, Fear, Anxiety (PP. 1069-1070) NANDA diagnostic labels related to stress, adaptation, and coping Anxiety Vague, uneasy feeling of discomfort or timidity accompanied by an automatic response (the source often nonspecific or unknown to the individual) a feeling of apprehension caused by the anticipation of danger. It is an alerting signal that warns of impending danger and enables the individual to take measures to deal with a threat. Fear response to perceived threat is consciously recognized as a danger.Ineffective Coping Inability to from a valid appra isal of the stressors, inadequate choices of practiced responses, and/or unfitness to use resources. Terms associated with assessment of pulse (CHP 29, PP. 538-540) Assessment of pulse Terms Locations Temporal, carotid, apical, brachial, radial, femoral, popliteal, posterior tibial, pedal (dorsalis pedis) metre wave of blood created by contraction of the left ventricle of the heart. Cardiac output volume of blood pumped into the arteries by the heart and equals Stroke Volume (SV) X Heart Rate (HR) per minute.Compliance ability of the arteries to expand Peripheral pulse pulse located away from the heart Apical Pulse telephone exchange pulse apex of the heart (PMI) point of maximal impulse Palpation feeling Auscultation hearing DUS Doppler ultrasonography stethoscope Tachycardia excessively fast heart rate ( over 100 BPM in an adult). Bradychardia A heart rate less than 60 BPM in an adult. Pulse rhythm pattern of the beats and the intervals amid beats. Dysrhythmia/arrythmia irregu lar rhythm. Pulse volume pulse strength or amplitude, refers to the force of the blood with each beat. ginger nut of the arterial wall reflects its expansibility or its deformities. Perfusion blood flow to a particular area of the body Understand different tools for therapeutic communication (P. 469-470 box 26-2) Broad opening statement General leads Reflecting/paraphrasing Sharing observations Acknowledging feelings subdue Giving information Clarifying Implied verbal communication Summarizing Focusing (from power point 18 in communication) further information can be found on pg. 469 and 470 box 26-2 Different domains of learning cognitive, affective, psychomotor (P. 89) Cognitive domain the thinking domain, includes six intellectual abilities and thinking processes beginning with knowing, comprehending, and applying to analysis, synthesis, and evaluation. Affective domain the feeling domain is divided into categories that specify the degree of a persons depth of emotional respon se to tasks. Psychomotor domain the skill domain, includes motor skills such as giving an injection. Know normal bouncy signs for the adult and older adult. Average range for adults (P. 529) 96. 8-100. 4. Older adults (gt75) are at risk for hypothermia ( temperatures